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research and development. Singapore has declared that it will be water self-sufficient by the time its 1961 long-term water supply agreement with Malaysia expires in 2061. However, according to official forecasts, water demand in Singapore is expected to double from 1.4 to 2.8billion litres (1.4 to 2.8million cubic metres; 370 to 740million US gallons) per day between 2010 and 2060. The increase is expected to come primarily from non-domestic water use, which accounted for 55% of water demand in 2010 and is expected to account for 70% of demand in 2060. By that time, water demand is expected to be met by reclaimed water at the tune of 50% and by desalination accounting for 30%, compared to only 20% supplied by internal catchments.
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4660:, electronic detection, and video surveillance technology. A satellite-based system was due to replace the physical gantries by 2020, but has been delayed until 2026 due to global shortages in the supply of semiconductors. As Singapore is a small island with a high population density, the number of private cars on the road is restricted with a pre-set car population quota, to curb pollution and congestion. Car buyers must pay for Additional Registration Fees (ARF) duties of either 100%, 140%, 180% or 220% of the vehicle's Open Market Value (OMV), and bid for a Singaporean5236:); this proportion was virtually identical to the 2010 census, with slight increases among Chinese and Malay (0.2% and 0.1% respectively) and minor decreases in Indian and others (0.2% and 0.1%). Prior to 2010, each person could register as a member of only one race, by default that of his or her father; therefore, mixed-race persons were solely grouped under their father's race in government censuses. From 2010 onward, people may register using a multi-racial classification, in which they may choose one primary race and one secondary race, but no more than two.7117:
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4914:, 2nd-largest casino gambling market, 3rd-largest oil-refining and trading centre, largest oil-rig producer and hub for ship repair services, and largest logistics hub. The economy is diversified, with its top contributors being financial services, manufacturing, and oil-refining. Its main exports are refined petroleum, integrated circuits, and computers, which constituted 27% of the country's GDP in 2010. Other significant sectors include electronics, chemicals, mechanical engineering, and biomedical sciences. Singapore was ranked 5th in the7241:
6632:. Many orchestras and ensembles are also found in secondary schools and junior colleges. Various communities have their own distinct ethnic musical traditions: Chinese, Malays, Indians, and Eurasians. With their traditional forms of music and various modern musical styles, the fusion of different forms account for the musical diversity in the country. The nation's lively urban musical scene has made it a centre for international performances and festivals in the region. Some of Singapore's best known pop singers include1892:
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5035:, attracting 18.5 million international tourists in 2018, more than three times Singapore's total population. Singapore is the 5th most visited city in the world, and 2nd in the Asia-Pacific. In 2019 tourism contributed directly to about 4% of Singapore's GDP, down from 2016, when tourism contributed, directly and indirectly, to around 9.9% of Singapore's GDP. Altogether, the sector generated approximately 8.6% of Singapore's employment in 2016.6335:
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2228:(UMNO), was staunchly anti-communist, and it was suspected UMNO would support the non-communist factions of PAP. UMNO, initially sceptical of the idea of a merger due to distrust of the PAP government and concern that the large ethnic Chinese population in Singapore would alter the racial balance in Malaya on which their political power base depended, became supportive of the idea of the merger due to joint fear of a communist takeover.7103:
3888:. Singapore follows the GMT+8 time zone, one hour ahead of the typical zone for its geographical location. This causes the sun to rise and set particularly late during February, where the sun rises at 7:15am and sets around 7:20pm. During July, the sun sets at around 7:15pm. The earliest the sun rises and sets is in late October and early November when the sun rises at 6:46am and sets at 6:50pm.7089:
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of the non-constituency members of parliament in 1984 to allow up to three losing candidates from opposition parties to be appointed as MPs. Group representation constituencies (GRCs) were introduced in 1988 to create multi-seat electoral divisions, intended to ensure minority representation in parliament. Nominated members of parliament were introduced in 1990 to allow non-elected non-partisan MPs. The
3157:(PSC) scholarship, or are pursuing a local medical degree can opt to defer their draft. Though not required to perform military service, the number of women in the SAF has been increasing: since 1989 they have been allowed to fill military vocations formerly reserved for men. Before induction into a specific branch of the armed forces, recruits undergo at least nine weeks of basic military training.744:
4664:(COE) (that varies twice a month in supply based on the number of car registrations and de-registrations), which allows the car to be driven on the road for maximum period of 10 years. Car prices are generally significantly higher in Singapore than in other English-speaking countries. As with most Commonwealth countries, vehicles on the road and people walking on the streets keep to the left (2076:
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islands through land reclamation to form larger, more functional and habitable islands, as has been done with Jurong Island. The type of sand used in reclamation is found in rivers and beaches, rather than deserts, and is in great demand worldwide. In 2010 Singapore imported almost 15 million tons of sand for its projects, the demand being such that Indonesia, Malaysia, and
6243:" language paper. While the term "mother tongue" in general refers to the first language internationally, in Singapore's education system, it is used to refer to the second language, as English is the first language. Students who have been abroad for a while, or who struggle with their "Mother Tongue" language, are allowed to take a simpler syllabus or drop the subject.5243:(TFR) beginning in the 1980s. Since 2010, its TFR has largely plateaued at 1.1 children per woman, which is among the lowest in the world and well below the 2.1 needed to replace the population. Consequently, the median age of Singaporean residents is among the highest in the world, at 42.8 in 2022 compared to 39.6 ten years earlier. Starting in 2001, the government2040:. When the British force of 60,000 troops surrendered on 15 February 1942, British prime minister Winston Churchill called the defeat "the worst disaster and largest capitulation in British history". British and Empire losses during the fighting for Singapore were heavy, with a total of nearly 85,000 personnel captured. About 5,000 were killed or wounded, of which6255:. Secondary school lasts from four to five years, and is divided between Express, Normal (Academic), and Normal (Technical) streams in each school, depending on a student's ability level. The basic coursework breakdown is the same as in the primary level, although classes are much more specialised. Pre-university education takes place at either the 212589:. The cabinet is collectively responsible for all government policies and the day-to-day administration of the affairs of state. It is typically composed of members of the Singapore Parliament. The prime minister is appointed by the President, and the ministers in the cabinet and the attorney-general are appointed by the president, acting on the3131:(DSTA) is responsible for procuring resources for the military. The geographic restrictions of Singapore mean that the SAF must plan to fully repulse an attack, as they cannot fall back and re-group. The small size of the population has also affected the way the SAF has been designed, with a small active force and a large number of reserves.13510:
5145:(located in Northern Singapore). The Singapore Zoo has embraced the open zoo concept whereby animals are kept in enclosures, separated from visitors by hidden dry or wet moats, instead of caging the animals, and the River Wonders has 300 species of animals, including numerous endangered species. Singapore promotes itself as a14751:
4816:. The Changi Airport hosts a network of over 100 airlines connecting Singapore to some 300 cities in about 70 countries and territories worldwide. It has been rated one of the best international airports by international travel magazines, including being rated as the world's best airport for the first time in 2006 by5915:(5.0%). One-fifth of the population had no religious affiliation. The proportion of Christians, Muslims, and the nonreligious slightly increased between 2010 and 2020, while the proportion of Buddhists and Taoists slightly decreased; Hinduism and other faiths remained largely stable in their share of the population.9211:
3092:. It is seen as the guarantor of the country's independence, translating into Singapore culture, involving all citizens in the country's defence. The government spends 4.9% of the country's GDP on the military—high by regional standards—and one out of every four dollars of government spending is spent on defence.3525:, and the only Asian country to achieve this rating. Singapore attracts a large amount of foreign investment as a result of its location, skilled workforce, low tax rates, advanced infrastructure and zero-tolerance against corruption. It was the world's 4th most competitive economy in 2023, according to the2255:. UMNO leaders believed that the additional Malay population in the Bornean territories would balance Singapore's Chinese population. The British government, for its part, believed that the merger would prevent Singapore from becoming a haven for communism. To obtain a mandate for a merger, the PAP held a3660:, so acute poverty is rare. Some of the programmes include providing financial assistance to needy households, providing free medical care at government hospitals, and paying for children's tuition. Other benefits include compensation for gym fees to encourage citizens to exercise, up to S$ 166,000 as a6412:
Despite its small size, Singapore has a diversity of languages, religions, and cultures. Former prime ministers of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew and Goh Chok Tong, have stated that Singapore does not fit the traditional description of a nation, calling it a society-in-transition, pointing out the fact that
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The president is directly elected by popular vote for a renewable six-year term. Requirements for this position, which were enacted by the PAP government, are extremely stringent, such that only a handful of people qualify for the candidacy. These qualifications include that a candidate needs to be a
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Much of the infrastructure in Singapore had been destroyed during the war, including those needed to supply utilities. A shortage of food led to malnutrition, disease, and rampant crime and violence. A series of strikes in 1947 caused massive stoppages in public transport and other services. However,
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In 2016, there were an estimated 4.7million internet users in Singapore, representing 82.5% of the population. The Singapore government does not engage in widespread censoring of the internet, but it maintains a list of one hundred websites—mostly pornographic—that it blocks from home internet
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91% of resident households (i.e. households headed by a Singapore citizen or permanent resident) own the homes they live in, and the average household size is 3.43 persons (which include dependants who are neither citizens nor permanent residents). However, due to scarcity of land, 78.7% of resident
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strategy – water imported from neighbouring Malaysia, urban rainwater catchments, reclaimed water (NEWater) and seawater desalination. Singapore's approach does not rely only on physical infrastructure; it also emphasises proper legislation and enforcement, water pricing, public education as well as
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on LGBT rights. In the survey, more than 20% of people said that sexual relations between adults of the same sex were not wrong at all or not wrong most of the time, up from 10% in 2013. The survey found that 27% felt the same way about same-sex marriage (an increase from 15% in 2013) and 30% did so
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The PAP has remained in power since independence. Some activists and opposition politicians see the government's strict regulation of political and media activities as an infringement on political rights. In response, Singapore has seen several significant political changes, such as the introduction
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with communal seating areas. Typically, these centres have a few dozen to hundreds of food stalls, with each specialising in one or more related dishes. While street food can be found in many countries, the variety and reach of centralised hawker centres that serve heritage street food in Singapore
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Education takes place in three stages: primary, secondary, and pre-university education, with the primary education being compulsory. Students begin with six years of primary school, which is made up of a four-year foundation course and a two-year orientation stage. The curriculum is focused on the
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s Best International Airline award, which it has won for 20 consecutive years. Changi Airport connects over 100 airlines to more than 300 cities. The strategic international air hub has more than 480 World's Best Airport awards as of 2015, and is known as the most-awarded airport in the world. Over
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share a long-standing close relationship, in particular in defence, the economy, health, and education. Singapore has also increased co-operation with ASEAN members and China to strengthen regional security and fight terrorism, and participated in ASEAN's first joint maritime exercise with China in
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in 1969. Lee Kuan Yew's emphasis on rapid economic growth, support for business entrepreneurship, and limitations on internal democracy shaped Singapore's policies for the next half-century. Economic growth continued throughout the 1980s, with the unemployment rate falling to 3% and real GDP growth
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PAP leaders believed that Singapore's future lay with Malaya, due to strong ties between the two. It was thought that reuniting with Malaya would benefit the economy by creating a common market, alleviating ongoing unemployment woes in Singapore. However, a sizeable left-wing faction of the PAP was
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regiments commanded by British officers. Considered too small to provide effective security for the new country, the development of its military forces became a priority. In addition, in October 1971, Britain pulled its military out of Singapore, leaving behind only a small British, Australian and
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Negotiations were, however, done in complete secrecy... (Tunku moved) a bill to amend the constitution that would provide for Singapore's departure from the Federation. Razak was also waiting for the fully signed separation agreement from Singapore to allay possible suggestions that Singapore was
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Literature of Singapore, or "SingLit", consists of a collection of literary works by Singaporeans written chiefly in the country's four official languages: English, Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil. Singapore is increasingly regarded as having four sub-literatures instead of one. Many significant works
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system covering about 85% of the population; and Medishield, a government-funded health insurance program. Public hospitals in Singapore have a considerable autonomy in their management decisions, and notionally compete for patients, but remain in government ownership. A subsidy scheme exists for
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projects have increased Singapore's land area from 580km (220sqmi) in the 1960s to 710km (270sqmi) by 2015, an increase of some 22% (130km). The country is projected to reclaim another 56km (20sqmi). Some projects involve merging smaller
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are often carried out on smaller islands, typically barred to civilian access. However, large-scale drills, considered too dangerous to be performed in the country, have been performed in other countries such as Brunei, Indonesia, Thailand and the United States. In general, military exercises are
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state in which the PAP faces little to no feasible political competition to its rule of the country. The multi-party democratic process of Singapore has been described as "minimal" in comparison to the state's focus on economic development and social order. According to Gordon P. Means, professor
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Singapore considers water a national security issue and the government has sought to emphasise conservation. Water access is universal and of high quality, though the country is projected to face significant water-stress by 2040. To circumvent this, the Public Utilities Board has implemented the
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in the decades ahead will have major implications for its low-lying coastline. It estimates that the nation will need to spend $ 100 billion over the course of the next century to address the issue. In its 2020 budget, the government set aside an initial $ 5 billion towards a Coastline and Flood
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in the nascent Western sense. The fact that "neither the public nor elites had experience with democracy" helped create Singapore's political culture, as dominated by status-focused hierarchies committed to economic development. The legacy of Asian values and the limited political culture within
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to increase fertility, including paid maternity leave, childcare subsidies, tax relief and rebates, one-time cash gifts, and grants for companies that implement flexible work arrangements; nevertheless, live births have continued to decline, hitting a record low in 2022. Singapore's immigration
3371:, first introduced during British colonial rule. During the last few decades, this law was mostly unenforced and pressure to repeal it increased as homosexuality became more accepted by Singaporean society. Meanwhile, sexual relations between women had always been legal. In 2022, Prime Minister2603:
and, together with the president, comprises the legislature. Members of Parliament (MP) consist of elected, non-constituency, and nominated members. The majority of MPs are elected into parliament at a general election. The Singapore Parliament is collectively responsible for enacting the laws
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speakers, while most English-speaking people do not understand Singlish. Nevertheless, Singaporeans have a strong sense of identity and connection to Singlish, whereby the existence of Singlish is recognised as a distinctive cultural marker for many Singaporeans. As such, in recent times, the
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as a second language taught in schools, in order to preserve each individual's ethnic identity and values. According to the 2020 census, English was the language most spoken at home, used by 48.3% of the population; Mandarin was next, spoken at home by 29.9%. Nearly half a million speak other
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Singapore's diversity of cuisine is touted as a reason to visit the country, due to its combination of convenience, variety, quality, and price. Local food items generally relate to a particular ethnicity – Chinese, Malay and Indian; but the diversity of cuisine has increased further by the
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Fertility rate, total (births per woman) – Singapore; ( 1 ) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2022 Revision. ( 2 ) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, ( 3 ) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, ( 4 ) United Nations
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3814:, which comprise only 0.25% of Singapore's land area. In 1967, to combat this decline in natural space, the government introduced the vision of making Singapore a "garden city", aiming to improve quality of life. Since then, nearly 10% of Singapore's land has been set aside for parks and6107:
was designated as a national language by the Singaporean government after independence from Britain in the 1960s to avoid friction with Singapore's Malay-speaking neighbours of Malaysia and Indonesia. It has a symbolic, rather than functional purpose. It is used in the national anthem
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4739:), covering around 241 km (150 mi) in total, and more than 300 bus routes in operation. Taxis are a popular form of transport as the fares are relatively affordable when compared to many other developed countries, whilst cars in Singapore are the most expensive to own worldwide.4566:
Singapore is expanding its recycling system and intends to spend S$ 10 billion (US$ 7.4 billion) in water treatment infrastructure upgrades. The Ulu Pandan wastewater treatment was specially built to test advanced used-water treatment processes before full deployment and won the
6263:, over a period of two and three years respectively. As alternatives to pre-university education, however, courses are offered in other post-secondary education institutions, including the 5 polytechnics and 3 ITE colleges. Singapore has six public universities, of which the2259:. This referendum included a choice of different terms for a merger with Malaysia and had no option for avoiding merger altogether. On 16 September 1963, Singapore joined with Malaya, the North Borneo, and Sarawak to form the new Federation of Malaysia under the terms of the3375:
announced that Singapore would repeal 377A, effectively decriminalising homosexual behaviour. Nevertheless, he added that the repeal will not affect the recognition of "traditional familial and societal norms," including how marriage is defined, leaving the legal status of
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3533:. Roughly 44 percent of the Singaporean workforce is made up of non-Singaporeans. Despite market freedom, Singapore's government operations have a significant stake in the economy, contributing 22% of the GDP. The city is a popular location for conferences and events.199:
19604:"Speech by Tharman Shanmugaratnam, Senior Minister of State for Trade & Industry and Education at the Seminar on "The Significance of Speaking Skills For Language Development", organised by the Tamil Language and Culture Division of Nie on 15 February 2003"192:
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for the past two decades. In 2019, Singaporeans had the longest life expectancy of any country at 84.8 years. Women can expect to live an average of 87.6 years with 75.8 years in good health. The averages are lower for men. Singapore is ranked 1st on the
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until proven guilty". The government has disputed Amnesty's claims, stating that their "position on abolition of the death penalty is by no means uncontested internationally" and that the report contains "grave errors of facts and misrepresentations".
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The city-state has a burgeoning food scene ranging from hawker centres (open-air), food courts (air-conditioned), coffee shops (open-air with up to a dozen hawker stalls), cafes, fast food, simple kitchens, casual, celebrity and high-end restaurants.
3869:) with no distinctive seasons, uniform temperature and pressure, high humidity, and abundant rainfall. Temperatures usually range from 23 to 32°C (73 to 90°F). While temperature does not vary greatly throughout the year, there is a wetter187:
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for each citizen, heavily subsidised healthcare, financial aid for the disabled, the provision of reduced-cost laptops for poor students, rebates for costs such as public transport and utility bills, and more. As of 2018 Singapore's ranking in the
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6738:, which also grades each food stall for hygiene. The largest hawker centre is located on the second floor of Chinatown Complex, and contains over 200 stalls. The complex is also home to the cheapest Michelin-starred meal in the world – a plate of196:
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As of December 2011 and January 2013, 8,800 foreigners and 5,400 Singaporeans were respectively diagnosed with HIV, but there are fewer than 10 annual deaths from HIV per 100,000 people. Adult obesity is below 10%. There is a high level of
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the full extent of the loans agreed to for economic development of the two eastern states. Talks soon broke down, and abusive speeches and writing became rife on both sides. This led to communal strife in Singapore, culminating in the
3116:(SAF) from scratch, and Israeli instructors were brought in to train Singaporean soldiers. Military courses were conducted according to the IDF's format, and Singapore adopted a system of conscription and reserve service based on the2856:, which ranks countries by "perceived levels of public sector corruption", Singapore has consistently ranked as one of the least corrupt countries in the world, in spite of being illiberal. Singapore's unique combination of a strong,2118:
by late 1947 the economy began to recover, facilitated by a growing international demand for tin and rubber. The failure of Britain to successfully defend its colony against the Japanese changed its image in the eyes of Singaporeans.
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was stationed in Europe, and the British could not afford to build a second fleet to protect their interests in Asia. The plan was for the Home Fleet to sail quickly to Singapore in the event of an emergency. As a consequence, after
2780:, and was at the time as a crown colony also adopted by the British colonial authorities in Singapore and remains the basis of the criminal code in the country with a few exceptions, amendments and repeals since it came into force.4821:
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To reduce the country's dependence on fossil fuels, it has ramped up deployment of solar panels on rooftops and vertical surfaces of buildings, and other initiatives like building one of the world's largest floating solar farms at
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that handicaps Singaporeans, presenting an obstacle to learning standard English and rendering the speaker incomprehensible to everyone except to another Singlish speaker. Standard Singapore English is fully understandable to all
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in 2023 and 7th in 2022. In 2019, there were more than 60 semiconductor companies in Singapore, which together constituted 11% of the global market share. The semiconductor industry alone contributes around 7% of Singapore's GDP.
4824:; the Jakarta-Singapore airport pair had 4.8 million passengers carried in 2018, whilst the Singapore-Kuala Lumpur airport pair had 4.5 million passengers carried in 2018, both trailing only behind Hong Kong-Taipei (6.5 million).5225:(1,644,500). The overall population increased 5% from the prior year, driven largely by foreign workers. According to the country's most recent census in 2020, nearly one in four residents (citizens and permanent residents) was15704:
Department of External Affairs in Australia. (16 May 1957): Report from the Australian High Commission in Singapore to the Department of External Affairs in Australia. Singapore: National Archives of Singapore. (Microfilm: NAB
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made up the majority. Japanese casualties during the fighting in Singapore amounted to 1,714 killed and 3,378 wounded. The occupation was to become a major turning point in the histories of several nations, including those of
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2654:" for a racial community if no one from that ethnic group has been elected to the presidency in the five most recent terms. Only members of that community may qualify as candidates in a reserved presidential election. In the6472:
or Baba-Nyonya-descendants of 15th- and 16th-century Chinese immigrants. With the exception of the Peranakans who pledged their loyalties to Singapore, most of the labourers' loyalties lay with their respective homelands of
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for all able-bodied males at age 18, except those with a criminal record or who can prove that their loss would bring hardship to their families. Males who have yet to complete pre-university education, are awarded the
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to Malaysian airspace. Border issues exist with Malaysia and Indonesia, and both have banned the sale of marine sand to Singapore over disputes about Singapore's land reclamation. Some previous disputes, such as the
2872:. Singapore ranked high on the factors of order and security (#3), absence of corruption (#3), regulatory enforcement (#4), civil justice (#8), and criminal justice (#7), and ranked significantly lower on factors of2306:
on many political and economic issues. Despite an agreement to establish a common market, Singapore continued to face restrictions when trading with the rest of Malaysia. In retaliation, Singapore did not extend to
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Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report ( various years ), ( 5 ) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and ( 6 ) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme.
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reported that Indonesia had decided to create tax havens on two islands near Singapore to bring Indonesian capital back into the tax base. In October 2016, the Monetary Authority of Singapore admonished and fined
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2614:: The judiciary's function is to independently administer justice and is headed by the Chief Justice. The judges and judicial commissioners are appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister. The19254:
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2728:. Despite promulgating restrictions on civil liberties, Singapore under the PAP has seen consistent economic growth and political stability. The most represented and popular opposition party is the centre-left22289:
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The breakdown of British Empire losses included 38,496 United Kingdom, 18,490 Australian, 67,340 Indian and 14,382 local volunteer troops. Total Australian casualties included 1,789 killed and 1,306 wounded.
1699:. These Indianised kingdoms were characterised by surprising resilience, political integrity and administrative stability. Historical sources also indicate that around the end of the 14th century, its ruler8001:
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conduct their businesses in English, while any official documents written in a non-English official language such as Malay, Mandarin, or Tamil are typically translated into English to be accepted for use.
2320:. On 7 August 1965, Malaysian prime minister Tunku Abdul Rahman, seeing no alternative to avoid further bloodshed (and with the help of secret negotiations by PAP leaders, as revealed in 2015) advised the14306:
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hub, with about 200,000 foreigners seeking medical care there each year. Singapore medical services aim to serve at least one million foreign patients annually and generate US$ 3billion in revenue.
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1821:, as well as provide him with a yearly payment of $ 5000 and another $ 3000 to the Temenggong; in return, Sultan Hussein would grant the British the right to establish a trading post on Singapore. The15779:
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5260:(HDB). Also, 75.9% of resident households live in properties that are equal to, or larger than, a four-room (i.e. three bedrooms plus one living room) HDB flat or in private housing. Live-in foreign2303:
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of both Singlish and Standard English (only for those who are fluent in both), whilst continuously reinforcing the importance of Standard English amongst those who speak only Singlish (which is not
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2018. It has also given support to the US-led coalition to fight terrorism, with bilateral co-operation in counter-terrorism and counter-proliferation initiatives, and joint military exercises.
2752:" evolved to replace British rule, based on "communal loyalty, distrust of government, and avoidance of individual or collective responsibility for wider public interests", with less regard for2053:, and Singapore. Japanese newspapers triumphantly declared the victory as deciding the general situation of the war. Between 5,000 and 25,000 ethnic Chinese people were killed in the subsequent25579:
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from Singapore's National Library Board; numerous well-researched and well-documented essays on key events and important figures, as well as topics regarding culture, architecture, nature, etc.
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Dixon, L. Quentin. (2005). The Bilingual Education Policy in Singapore: Implications for Second Language Acquisition. In James Cohen, J., McAlister, K. T., Rolstad, K., and MacSwan, J (Eds.),
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Peers, Douglas M. (2013). Chan, Wing-Cheong; Wright, Barry; Yeo, Stanley (eds.). "Codification, Macaulay and the Indian Penal Code: The Legacies and Modern Challenges of Criminal Law Reform".
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of the world's off-shore financial service providers, banking one-eighth of the world's offshore capital, while "providing numerous tax avoidance and evasion opportunities". In August 2016,
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Most major religious denominations are present in Singapore, with the Inter-Religious Organisation, Singapore (IRO) recognising 10 major religions in the city state. A 2014 analysis by the
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was made in the 1970s, with full diplomatic relations established in the 1990s. China has been Singapore's largest trading partner since 2013, after surpassing Malaysia. Singapore and the
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have been signed with other countries and regions. Singapore is the second-largest foreign investor in India. It is the 14th largest exporter and the 15th largest importer in the world.
2748:, Singapore reinvented the "benevolent" yet "highly authoritarian" colonial system of governance inherited from Britain rather than forging a full democracy. A conservative ideology of "16603:
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In Singapore, proportions of religious denominations publicly released are based only on the resident population, which comprises Singaporean citizens (SC) and permanent residents (PR).
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Singapore has a diverse music culture that ranges from pop and rock, to folk and classical. Western classical music plays a significant role in the cultural life in Singapore, with the
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The government's healthcare system is based upon the "3M" framework. This has three components: Medifund, which provides a safety net for those not able to otherwise afford healthcare;
4982:, all of which are among the most-awarded in their respective fields. Singapore Airlines was ranked as Asia's most-admired company, and the world's 19th most-admired company in 2015 by10733:
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1817:. With the Temenggong's help, Raffles managed to smuggle Tengku Long back into Singapore. Raffles offered to recognise Tengku Long as the rightful Sultan of Johor, under the title of183:
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and the Google Consumer Barometer—at 89% and 85% of the population respectively in 2014. The overall mobile phone penetration rate is at 148 mobile phone subscribers per 100 people.
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Singaporeans do not all speak the same language, share the same religion, or have the same customs. Singaporeans who speak English as their native language would likely lean toward
14659:
5129:
district, which contains multi-storey shopping centres and hotels, can be considered the centre of shopping and tourism in Singapore. Other popular tourist attractions include the
1622:, meaning 'light of the south'. Singapore is sometimes referred to by the nickname the "Garden City", in reference to its parks and tree-lined streets. Another informal name, the "26636:
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17253:
10272:
9841:
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regulates Singaporean media, claiming to balance the demand for choice and protection against offensive and harmful material. Private ownership of TV satellite dishes is banned.
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In Singapore, proportions of ethnic groups publicly released are based only on the resident population, which comprises Singaporean citizens (SC) and permanent residents (PR).
4894:(TEUs). It is also the world's second-busiest, behind Shanghai, in terms of cargo tonnage with 626million tons handled. In addition, the port is the world's busiest for2091:
on 15 August 1945, Singapore fell into a brief state of violence and disorder; looting and revenge-killing were widespread. British, Australian, and Indian troops led by Lord
19953:
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3610:
for the wealthy due to its low tax rates on personal income and tax exemptions on foreign-based income and capital gains. Individuals such as Australian millionaire retailer
2126:. In July 1947, separate Executive and Legislative Councils were established and the election of six members of the Legislative Council was scheduled for the following year.17947:
16502:
5291:
2693:(GRCs), political parties assemble teams of candidates to contest elections. At least one MP in a GRC must be of an ethnic minority background. All elections are held using1235:
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which is tasked with the promotion of the country's tourism industry. In August 2017 the STB and the Economic Development Board (EDB) unveiled a unified brand, Singapore –
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21521:
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8454:"Malay sources for the history of the Sultanate of Brunei in the early nineteenth century: some letters from the reign of Sultan Muhammad Kanzul Alam (Annabel Teh Gallop)"4559:
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Tan, Sherman, p. 340–341. "The four recognised official languages are English, Mandarin, Tamil, and Malay, but in practice, English is Singapore's default lingua franca."
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14543:
6477:, China and India. After independence, the government began a deliberate process of crafting a uniquely Singaporean identity and culture. Singapore has a reputation as a25244:
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The development of private sports and recreation clubs began in the 19th century colonial Singapore, with clubs founded during this time including the Cricket Club, the
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Singapore students have excelled in many of the world education benchmarks in maths, science and reading. In 2015, both its primary and secondary students rank first in
2914:
and surrounding territories. An underlying principle is political and economic stability in the region. It has diplomatic relations with more than 180 sovereign states.
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chicken rice or noodles for S$ 2 (US$ 1.50). Two street food stalls in the city are the first in the world to be awarded a Michelin star, obtaining a single star each.
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Elaboration of data by International Telecommunication Union (ITU), United Nations Population Division, Internet & Mobile Association of India (IAMAI), World Bank.
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6312:'s global school performance rankings across 76 countries—described as the most comprehensive map of education standards. In 2016, Singapore students topped both the2864:
is known as the "Singapore model", and is regarded as a key factor behind Singapore's political stability, economic growth, and harmonious social order. In 2021, the
2283:
exploded, killing three people and injuring 33 others. It was the deadliest of at least 42 bomb incidents which occurred during the confrontation. Two members of the
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3120:. Singapore still maintains strong security ties with Israel and is one of the biggest buyers of Israeli arms and weapons systems, with one recent example being the22297:
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was sold mainly by immigrants from China, India, and Malaysia to other immigrants seeking a familiar taste. In Singapore, street food has long been associated with
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daily to attend schools in Singapore. In 2009, 20% of all students in Singaporean universities were international students—the maximum cap allowed, a majority from
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The 2020 census reported that about 74.3% of residents were of Chinese descent, 13.5% of Malay descent, 9.0% of Indian descent, and 3.2% of other descent (such as
1122:
617:
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11993:"Singapore boasts of being a model of economic development but it is an example of what not to be in regard to freedom of the press, which is almost non-existent"10183:
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2457:
in 2011, winning just 60% of votes, amidst debate over issues including the influx of foreign workers and the high cost of living. On 23 March 2015, Lee Kuan Yew
1922:, a Muslim state, the soldiers rebelled, killing their officers and several British civilians before the mutiny was suppressed by non-Muslim troops arriving from26985:
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at the 2018 Global Water Awards in Paris, France. Operation started in 2017 and was jointly developed by PUB and the Black & Veatch + AECOM Joint Venture.
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Tan, Kevin Y.L. (2019). "Legislating Dominance: Parliament and the Making of Singapore's Governance Model". In Rahim, Lily Zubaidah; Barr, Michael D. (eds.).
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The Singaporean economy is regarded as free, innovative, dynamic and business-friendly. For several years, Singapore has been one of the few countries with a
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access as a "symbolic statement of the Singaporean community's stand on harmful and undesirable content on the Internet". Singapore has the world's highest
2110:
was tried by a US military commission for war crimes, but not for crimes committed by his troops in Malaya or Singapore. He was convicted and hanged in the
1957:, and had enough fuel tanks to support the entire British navy for six months. The base was defended by heavy 15-inch (380mm) naval guns stationed at1860:. Singapore became the regional capital in 1836. Prior to Raffles' arrival, there were only about a thousand people living on the island, mostly indigenous1749:
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from opposition parties who were not elected in the last general election but appointed to the legislature to increase opposition party representation. In
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11782:
Huat, Chua Beng, 'Liberal Order's Illiberal Prodigy: Singapore as a Non-Liberal Electoral Democratic State', in Harry Verhoeven, and Anatol Lieven (eds),
11628:
Huat, Chua Beng, 'Liberal Order's Illiberal Prodigy: Singapore as a Non-Liberal Electoral Democratic State', in Harry Verhoeven, and Anatol Lieven (eds),
6694:, a mix of Chinese and Malay cuisine). In hawker centres, cultural diffusion is exemplified by traditionally Malay hawker stalls also selling Tamil food.6235:
Education for primary, secondary, and tertiary levels is mostly supported by the state. All institutions, public and private, must be registered with the
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National examinations are standardised across all schools, with a test taken after each stage. After the first six years of education, students take the
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Pierre-Yves Manguin, "From Funan to Sriwijaya: Cultural continuities and discontinuities in the Early Historical maritime states of Southeast Asia", in
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scheme, and included other complementary measures such as stringent car ownership quotas and improvements in mass transit. Upgraded in 1998 and renamed
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by the government in 2019 to legislate more serious punishments for traffickers, including imprisonment of up to seven years and a fine of S$ 100,000.
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6718:. Religious dietary strictures exist (Muslims do not eat pork and Hindus do not eat beef), and there is also a significant group of vegetarians. The5284:
2635:
for at least 3 years in a number of specific public service leadership roles, or to have 3 years experience as chief executive of a fully profitable
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Singapore Department of Statistics | Census of Population 2020 Statistical Release 1 – Demographic Characteristics, Education, Language and Religion
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Design Museum celebrates exceptional art and design of objects for everyday life, hosting more than 1,000 items from 50 countries. The lotus-shaped
4922:
Singapore's largest companies are in the telecommunications, banking, transportation, and manufacturing sectors, many of which started as state-run
2342:
1773:
arrived in Singapore on 28 January 1819 and soon recognised the island as a natural choice for the new port. The island was then nominally ruled by
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6320:(TIMSS). In the 2016 EF English Proficiency Index taken in 72 countries, Singapore placed 6th and has been the only Asian country in the top ten.26590:
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6810:. Its men's water polo team won the SEA Games gold medal for the 27th time in 2017, continuing Singapore sport's longest winning streak. At the3514:(GDP) per capita. Between 1965 and 1995, growth rates averaged around 6 per cent per annum, transforming the living standards of the population.2328:
voted 126 to 0 to move a bill to amend the constitution, expelling Singapore from Malaysia, which left Singapore as a newly independent country.
1723:
raiders burned down the settlement, and the island faded into obscurity for the next two centuries. By then, Singapore was nominally part of the
1129:. With a multicultural population and in recognition of the cultural identities of the major ethnic groups within the nation, Singapore has four1110:
21806:
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11730:, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, USA and the University of Western Sydney, Australia, Pages 339–352 | Received 24 June 20117190:
Singaporean citizen (SC) population is 3,640,000, Permanent resident (PR) population is 544,900, Non-citizen/resident population is 1,860,000.
1015:
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The Lion City. The Garden City. The Asian Tiger. The 'Fine' City. All venerable nicknames, and the longtime favourite is the 'Little Red Dot'
6386:
those on low income. In 2008, 32% of healthcare was funded by the government. Healthcare accounts for approximately 3.5% of Singapore's GDP.
5934:. Most Buddhists in Singapore are Chinese and adhere to the Mahayana tradition, owing to decades of missionary activity from China. However,3190:
1348:
was one of the earliest references to Singapore Island, which corresponds to a Chinese account from the third century referred to a place as
725:
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6461:. Racial and religious harmony is regarded as a crucial part of Singapore's success, and played a part in building a Singaporean identity.5277:
5229:; including non-residents, roughly 43% of the total population was born abroad. This proportion is largely unchanged from the 2010 census.5114:
2461:, and a one-week period of public mourning was observed nationwide. Subsequently, the PAP regained its dominance in Parliament through the780:
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15587:
13787:
12220:
6981:
Singapore's media industry has sometimes been criticised for being overly regulated and lacking in freedom by human rights groups such as
6902:
in 2008. It was the inaugural F1 night race, and the first F1 street race in Asia. It is considered a signature event on the F1 calendar.
6734:
is unique. In 2018, there were 114 hawker centres spread across the city centre and heartland housing estates. They are maintained by the
232:
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6239:(MOE). English is the language of instruction in all public schools, and all subjects are taught and examined in English except for the "2967:
In general, bilateral relations with other ASEAN members are strong; however, disagreements have arisen, and relations with neighbouring
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1881:
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3000:, and the two share a pegged currency value, through a Currency Interchangeability Agreement between the two countries which makes both25943:
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Singapore has a generally efficient healthcare system, even though health expenditures are relatively low for developed countries. The
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to decide on its constitutionality. Any law or provision of a law found to be unconstitutional can be struck down by the Supreme Court.
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21981:
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is the subject of academic debates, it is nevertheless known from various documents that Singapore in the 14th century, then known as
210:
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14004:"The Singapore Government's Response To Amnesty International's Report 'Singapore – The Death Penalty: A Hidden Toll Of Executions'"13564:
13532:
10598:
9992:
6985:. Self-censorship among journalists is said to be common. In 2023, Singapore was ranked 129 on the Press Freedom Index published by6710:
and food delivery are also on the rise, with 70% of residents ordering from delivery apps at least once a month. Many international
27681:
26760:
25109:
25105:
23671:
23299:
23228:
23020:
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21400:"70% of Singapore consumers order from food delivery apps at least once a month – and most are spending more money in recent years"19961:
19681:
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9287:
6313:
4552:
3253:
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2337:
2119:
1098:
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2465:, receiving 69.9% of the popular vote, although this remained lower than the 2001 tally of 75.3% and the 1968 tally of 86.7%. The28732:
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Singapore has led to the country being described as "classic illustration of soft authoritarianism", and "profoundly illiberal".
2458:
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2154:
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20096:
19835:
19783:
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15878:
Brook, Barry W.; Sodhi, Navjot S.; Ng, Peter K.L. (24 July 2003). "Catastrophic extinctions follow deforestation in Singapore".
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7043:) in various locations in Singapore. In the mid-1980s to 1990s, Singaporeans could also use the locally based videotext service3768:
have all restricted or barred the export of sand to Singapore in recent years. As a result, in 2016 Singapore switched to using
3402:
community, has drawn thousands of people annually since 2009 with increasing attendance. According to a survey conducted by the
2925:(AFTA) and the ASEAN Investment Area (AIA); it is also the host of the APEC Secretariat. Singapore is also a founding member of2705:", where they help constituents resolve personal issues which can be related to housing, financial assistance, and immigration.1828:
1761:, dated 28 November 1819. In the first line, Farquhar mentions that Sultan Hussein Shah and Temenggong Abdul Rahman allowed the28632:
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and been in the world top 10 list of airlines for multiple consecutive years. It held the title of the World's Best Airline by
3656:, and this remained true in 2018. The government provides numerous assistance programmes to the homeless and needy through the2655:
2362:
19990:
16472:
16155:
16013:
15103:
13067:
12896:
11786:(2022; online edn, Oxford Academic, 19 May 2022), https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197647950.003.0003. Retrieved 20 April 2024.11632:(2022; online edn, Oxford Academic, 19 May 2022), https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197647950.003.0003. Retrieved 20 April 2024.10838:
10502:
9496:"Kept in Position: The Labour Front-Alliance Government of Chief Minister David Marshall in Singapore, April 1955 – June 1956"6468:
who had no intention of staying permanently. There was also a sizeable minority of middle-class, locally born people—known as
3072:
In 2007, military personnel from the Singapore Armed Forces were deployed in Afghanistan as part of a multinational coalition.
2666:, considered part of the Malay community, won in an uncontested election. She also became Singapore's first female president.1719:
was abandoned around this time, although a small trading settlement continued in Singapore for some time afterwards. In 1613,
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Singapore is also an education hub, with more than 80,000 international students in 2006. 5,000 Malaysian students cross the
4628:
3154:
3128:
2686:
2643:, be a resident in Singapore for at least 10 years, not have a criminal record, and more. Candidates must also "satisfy" the2494:
18406:
16625:
7511:
5418:
3798:
Singapore's urbanisation means that it has lost 95% of its historical forests, and now over half of the naturally occurring
3392:
elements of Singaporean society to prevent further political fracturing. The law was officially repealed on 3 January 2023.
28752:
28304:
25697:
25390:
25054:
24860:
24726:
23248:
17403:
16277:, Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI) and Myanmar Institute of International and Strategic Studies (MISIS).15963:
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averaging at about 8% up until 1999. During the 1980s, Singapore began to shift towards high-tech industries, such as the
26529:
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24947:
24916:
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24855:
24845:
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22012:
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in a new Olympic record time of 50.39 seconds. Singapore sailors have had success on the international stage, with their
6629:
6586:
5174:
5053:
4943:
3411:
about same-sex couples adopting a child (an increase from 24% in 2013). In 2021, six Singaporeans protested for improved
3351:. The government has responded that it has "no doubts" that it is the right policy and that there is "clear evidence" of2256:
2248:
2225:
21269:
20362:
17638:
12762:
11645:, Asian Survey, Vol. 34, No. 3 (Mar. 1994), pp. 231–242 (12 pages), Published By: University of California Press (JSTOR)11348:
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7700:
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on its largest carbon-emitting corporations producing more than 25,000 tons of carbon dioxide per year, at $ 5 per ton.
2712:
occupies a dominant position in Singaporean politics, having won large parliamentary majorities in every election since
1549:
encountered a strange beast on the island that he took to be a lion. Seeing this as an omen, he established the town of
28737:
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listed Singapore as their top and 6th-best world destinations to visit, respectively. Well-known landmarks include the
4935:
3718:
3522:
2386:
became one of the world's busiest ports and the service and tourism industries also grew immensely during this period.
1774:
1046:
706:
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23067:
22233:
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13900:
13246:
12988:
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10179:
9416:
9379:
8735:"East & South-East Asia Titles: Straits Settlements Annual Reports (Singapore, Penang, Malacca, Labuan) 1855–1941"8616:
8458:
From Buckfast to Borneo: Essays Presented to Father Robert Nicholl on the 85th Anniversary of His Birth, 27 March 1995
8401:
8026:
7931:"Singapore, known variously as the 'Lion City,' or 'Garden City,' the latter for its many parks and tree-lined streets5942:, a Japanese Buddhist organisation, is practised by many people in Singapore, and mostly by those of Chinese descent.4991:
s annual "50 most admired companies in the world" industry surveys. Other awards it has received include the US-based
2960:, it has been invited to participate in G20 processes in most years since 2010. Singapore is also the location of the28727:
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The SAF is being developed to respond to a wide range of issues in both conventional and unconventional warfare. The
2845:". All public gatherings of five or more people require police permits, and protests may legally be held only at the2690:
2567:
2466:
2462:
2454:
2414:
2353:
After being expelled from Malaysia, Singapore became independent as the Republic of Singapore on 9 August 1965, with
2174:
1227:
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19861:
19809:
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11606:, Third World Quarterly Vol. 21, No. 2 (Apr. 2000), pp. 313-342 (30 pages), Published By: Taylor & Francis, Ltd.11194:
9342:
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6589:
is Singapore's largest performing arts centre. In 2016 alone, it was the site of 5,900 free art and culture events.
6290:
exams are taken. Some schools have a degree of freedom in their curriculum and are known as autonomous schools, for
5365:
3355:, and that the law should be looked at upon in the wider context of "saving lives", particularly citizens. In 2004,2263:. Under this Agreement, Singapore had a relatively high level of autonomy compared to the other states of Malaysia.2012:
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22055:
18819:"Census of population 2010: Statistical Release 1 on Demographic Characteristics, Education, Language and Religion"18749:
18221:
18218:"Singapore Tourism Board and Singapore Economic Development Board launch Passion Made Possible Brand for Singapore"17954:
16743:
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15068:
14822:
12811:"Singapore Business Federation aims for over 100 local firms to take part in first China International Import Expo"12415:
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2007:
1995:
1918:
from British India, who were garrisoned in Singapore. After hearing rumours that they were to be sent to fight the
1589:
975:
356:
19555:
14483:
12132:
8768:
7731:
3862:
2658:, this combination of stringent requirements and a reserved election that required the candidate to be of the 13%28712:
26949:
25690:
25516:
25511:
25059:
24906:
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24840:
24773:
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For the second year running, Singapore tops the aggregate rankings on the ease of doing business in 2006 to 2007.
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team being considered among the best in the world. Despite its size, the country has dominated swim meets in the
4960:
as the world's 1st, 5th, and 6th strongest banks in the world, respectively. It is home to the headquarters of 3
4708:
4645:
3568:
3307:
3284:(FPDA), a military alliance with Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. According to the 20243281:
3166:
3138:
3085:
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2622:
adjudicates in civil disputes between persons, convicts or acquits accused persons in criminal prosecutions, and
22420:
21758:
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18585:
18394:
14637:
13930:
13821:
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13216:
13183:
12302:
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5895:
is the most widely practised religion, with 31% of residents declaring themselves adherents in the 2020 census.
3359:
claimed that some legal provisions of the Singapore system for the death penalty conflict with "the right to be
2735:
The long-standing hegemony of the People's Action Party has led to Singapore being described by academics as an
28060:
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24368:
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23319:
23167:
23147:
21699:"SEA Games: Singapore capture men's 27th water polo gold to keep country's longest sports winning streak alive"20825:
13620:
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12676:
10868:
8479:
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6891:
5763:
found Singapore to be the world's most religiously diverse nation, with no single religion claiming a majority.
4676:
4672:
3618:
are two examples of wealthy individuals who have settled in Singapore. In 2009, Singapore was removed from the
3160:
Because of the scarcity of open land on the main island, training involving activities such as live firing and
2989:
2889:
2846:
2807:, although there are provisions in the subsequent subsection that regulate them. The government has restricted2682:
2535:
2510:
2450:
2426:
2252:
1946:
1195:
821:
654:
26796:
25406:
21243:
20608:"Christian identities in Singapore: religion, race and culture between state controls and transnational flows"20203:
18792:
15371:
8289:
8254:"As in Heaven, So on Earth: The Politics of Visnu Siva and Harihara Images in Preangkorian Khmer Civilisation"6561:
is the nation's flagship museum with some 8,000 works from Singaporean and other Southeast Asian artists. The
2608:
of oversight over the government. The president's veto powers are further subject to parliamentary overruling.
2409:
succeeded Lee and became Singapore's second prime minister. During Goh's tenure, the country went through the
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20218:"The Nordics have the highest English proficiency in the world – and it's boosting their tech and innovation"19027:"Speech by Mr S. Iswaran, Senior Minister of State, Ministry of Trade and Industry and Ministry of Education"18041:
16236:"Singapore Budget 2020: New coastal and flood protection fund to protect Singapore against rising sea levels"15845:
14390:"'She had lost all reason to live': Undoing the horrors of being trafficked to Singapore and seeking justice"10698:
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1493:, lions were associated with power and protection, which may explain the attraction of such a name. The name1334:
845:
119:
23924:
19478:
11006:
6464:
When Singapore became independent from the United Kingdom in 1963, most Singaporean citizens were transient
27197:
25805:
25199:
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was created to spearhead the development of performing arts, along with visual and literary art forms. The
6516:
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2868:'s Rule of Law Index ranked Singapore as 17th overall among the world's 193 countries for adherence to the2853:
2785:
2713:
2674:
2506:
is the official residence and office of the president, as well as the working office of the prime minister.
2366:
2317:
2170:
2150:
1740:
1727:. The wider maritime region and much trade was under Dutch control for the following period after the 16411628:
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999:
987:
882:
520:
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sector, in order to remain competitive as neighbouring countries began manufacturing with cheaper labour.
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13213:"Lunch Talk on "Defending Singapore: Strategies for a Small State" by Minister for Defence Teo Chee Hean"12389:
11370:
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8793:
Twentieth century impressions of British Malaya: its history, people, commerce, industries, and resources
8060:
7463:
7024:
6990:
6735:
6609:(2000), in which the poems were all translated three times each. A number of Singaporean writers such as6371:
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5345:
5340:
5335:
5325:
5320:
5253:
5206:
4891:
4882:, was the world's second-busiest port in 2019 in terms of shipping tonnage handled, at 2.85billion4847:
4637:
3858:
3842:
3653:
2838:
2678:
2578:
2519:
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2142:
1094:
471:
265:
18723:
15288:
14933:
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6154:, as their home language, although the use of these is declining in favour of Mandarin or just English.3076:
The Singaporean military, arguably the most technologically advanced in Southeast Asia, consists of the
3027:, and was one of the few countries that have relationships with both countries, in June 2018, it hosted2295:, were eventually convicted and executed for the crime. The explosion caused US$ 250,000 (equivalent to1994:
broke out in 1939, the fleet was fully occupied with defending Britain, leaving Singapore vulnerable to
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27799:
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Countries and territories where English is the national language or the native language of the majority
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25795:
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25028:
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18636:– Background paper to the World Development Report 2023: Migrants, Refugees, and Societies (April 2023)18266:
17433:
15609:
13878:
13590:
12136:
11255:"Elected Presidency: Higher eligibility criteria accepted, but Govt says no to longer qualifying terms"10119:
9277:
8738:
7937:
6784:
6574:
6558:
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6496:
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are quite common in Singapore, with about 224,500 foreign domestic workers there, as of December 2013.
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4680:
4661:
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3847:
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for higher profit margins when they get a cut from customers. In response, amendments were made to the
3257:
3194:
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2515:
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937:
807:
20:
24421:
Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in West Asia.
21725:"Kitefoiler Max Maeder clinches Olympic bronze, makes history as Singapore's youngest Games medallist"19363:"General Household Survey 2005, Statistical Release 1: Socio-Demographic and Economic Characteristics"19226:
19048:
15341:
14807:
12708:
12337:
7051:
arose in the 1990s in reference to the island nation's early adaptive relationship with the internet.
2784:
was abolished in 1970. Singapore is known for its strict laws and conservative stances on crime; both
2593:
of the prime minister. The prime minister is the effective head of the executive branch of government.
1042:
28697:
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28141:
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11661:, Journal of Democracy, Johns Hopkins University Press, Volume 7, Number 4, October 1996, pp. 103–1177032:
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391:
125:
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Countries and territories where English is an official language, but not the majority first language
26817:
13981:
8501:"Ini kupia surat kepada Raja Barunai" [This is a copy of the letter to the Raja of Brunei].8014:..with a characteristic mixture of pride and paranoia, Singapore adopted 'little red dot' as a motto5205:
As of mid-2023, the estimated population of Singapore was 5,917,600, of whom 3,610,700 (61.6%) were
4862:
2631:
person at least 45 years of age who is no longer a member of a political party, to either have held
2558:
is the supreme law of the country, establishing the structure and responsibility of governance. The
28644:
27594:
27185:
26456:
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25780:
25755:
24993:
23731:
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21054:"Singlish, cultural diversity and hawker food essential in forging a national identity, say celebs"20529:
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12927:
12052:
10268:
9837:
9710:
8673:
8612:
7036:
6978:, a body with close links to the government, controls most of the newspaper industry in Singapore.6864:
6827:
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In 2016, Singapore was rated the world's most expensive city for the third consecutive year by the
3426:
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3311:
2709:
2702:
2375:
2178:
1949:
in 1931. Costing $ 60million and not fully completed in 1938, it was nonetheless the largest
1340:
1243:
1203:
26832:
20073:
17564:
17522:
17293:
15041:
14299:"Singapore society still largely conservative but becoming more liberal on gay rights: IPS survey"13410:
12871:"Singapore and China's common interest 'greater than any occasional difference of views': DPM Teo"10209:
8502:
8133:
6867:, was launched in 1996 as the S.League and comprises eight clubs, including one foreign team. The2477:
became Singapore's fourth Prime Minister; he is the first prime minister born after independence.
1010:
led to Singapore's expulsion from the federation two years later; Singapore became an independent
28310:
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14066:"Court of Appeal rules Section 377A stays but cannot be used to prosecute men for having gay sex"8791:
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6278:(PSLE), which determines their placement at secondary school. At the end of the secondary stage,6089:
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813:
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491:
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18556:"Singapore's birth rate is at a record low — but 'throwing money' at the problem won't solve it"17919:
16859:
14420:"Sex trafficking in Singapore: How changes to the law may protect women duped into prostitution"12018:
7341:, so came to dominate the island that the Republic of Singapore essentially became a city-state.6499:, named in memory of a Singapore-born Armenian woman, who crossbred the flower in her garden at4773:(LTA) is responsible for all land transport-related infrastructure and operations in Singapore.3689:
2530:
1945:. Originally announced in 1921, the construction of the base proceeded at a slow pace until the27084:
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was granted in 1959. The PAP, self-described as pragmatic, have a syncretic ideology combining
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provides a public demonstration area, which are often restricted in other parts of the country.
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20115:"Singapore students top in maths, science and reading in Pisa international benchmarking test"17812:
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hosts touring exhibitions that combine art with the sciences. Other major museums include the
5938:
has seen growing popularity among the populace (not only the Chinese) during the past decade.
2894:
1554:
105:
28422:
27522:
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19139:
17080:"Malaysia and Singapore resolve airspace issue, Firefly to resume flights to Seletar airport"16772:
16288:"Singapore Budget 2018: Carbon tax of $ 5 per tonne of greenhouse gas emissions to be levied"16182:
15819:
9079:
9064:
8982:
8867:
8712:
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7957:
Glennie, Charlotte; Ang, Mavis; Rhys, Gillian; Aul, Vidhu; Walton, Nicholas (6 August 2015).
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had also been rated as the world's best airport from 2013 to 2020 before being superseded by
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1954:
1908:
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1822:
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1802:
1490:
1207:
1191:
1007:
437:
415:
409:
379:
24457:
19607:
19116:
18965:
18851:
16795:
14097:"Government has not curbed public prosecutor's discretion for Section 377A: A-G Lucien Wong"14035:"Government has not curbed public prosecutor's discretion for Section 377A: A-G Lucien Wong"13165:
12586:
12522:
11032:
9009:
8943:
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ranked Singapore as having the best quality of life in Asia and sixth overall in the world.
4758:
in the world, whereby approximately 350,000 travellers cross the border checkpoints of both
3794:– one of three gardens in the world, and the only tropical garden, to be recognised as such.3042:, the first-ever meeting between the sitting leaders of the two nations. It also hosted the2361:
as the first prime minister and president respectively. In 1967, the country co-founded the
2275:("Confrontation" in Indonesian) in response to the formation of Malaysia. On 10 March 1965,28682:
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held with foreign forces once or twice per week. Due to airspace and land constraints, the
2985:
2833:
2812:
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2240:
1938:
1869:
1801:
to Tengku Abdul Rahman, as well as his officials, were loyal to the Sultan's elder brother
1712:
1672:
1649:
1611:
1515:. However, the precise time and reason for the name change is unknown. The semi-historical1502:
1486:
1251:
1142:
995:
941:
338:
296:
54:
22606:
The End of the War: Singapore's Liberation and the Aftermath of the Second World War
21081:"Singapore Writers Festival: Feature Singapore's unique language in literature, says poet"20647:
Siddique, Sharon (1981). "Some Aspects of Malay-Muslim Ethnicity in Peninsular Malaysia".
19581:
16347:
16065:
13728:"Singapore and United States sign pact to set up RSAF fighter training detachment in Guam"12579:"PECC – PECC:: The Pacific Economic Cooperation Council – International Secretariat"12496:
8223:
4755:
3100:
New Zealand force as a token military presence. A great deal of initial support came from
2165:, and Britain rejected his demand for complete self-rule. He resigned and was replaced by1848:
In 1824, a further treaty with the Sultan led to the entire island becoming a part of the
8:
28640:
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27704:
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20133:"U.S. Teenagers Lose Ground in International Math Exam, Raising Competitiveness Concerns"18825:
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in Germany. Since 2010, Singapore has often been invited to participate in G20 processes.
2824:
2789:
2745:
2736:
2717:
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were used for a number of cities throughout the region prior to the establishment of the
1134:
979:
967:
403:
350:
23037:
19685:
18397:, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2009).16563:
16435:"Parliament: Water an issue of national security and must be priced fully, Masagos says"16267:
Impact of Climate Change on ASEAN International Affairs: Risk and Opportunity Multiplier
15891:
13384:
12788:
8312:"Results of the 1995–1996 Archaeological Field Investigations at Angkor Borei, Cambodia"7916:
2215:
were used to transport cargoes and supplies between nearshore ships and Singapore River.
2169:
in 1956, and after further negotiations Britain agreed to grant Singapore full internal
2099:
28667:
28520:
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25373:
24286:
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22837:
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20267:"The Singapore health system – achieving positive health outcomes with low expenditure"18671:
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13126:
12186:
11813:
11455:
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11151:
10157:
9597:
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9523:
9186:
Ooi, Teresa (17 January 1995). "1,000 Aussie victims of WWII join suit against Japan".
9050:
From Versailles to Pearl Harbor: The Origins of the Second World War in Europe and Asia
8281:
8177:
7733:
Sejarah Melayu The Malay Annals MS RAFFLES No. 18 Edisi Rumi Baru/New Romanised Edition
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covering 3,356 kilometres (2,085mi), which includes 161 kilometres (100mi)
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have sometimes been strained. Malaysia and Singapore have clashed over the delivery of
2877:
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2473:
took 10 of the 93 seats, the highest number ever won by another party. On 15 May 2024,
2379:
2260:
2232:
2173:
for all matters except defence and foreign affairs on 3 June 1959. Days before, in the
2146:
2107:
2095:
2084:
2058:
2017:
1986:
1942:
1762:
1700:
1566:
1558:
1267:
1173:
983:
890:
535:
397:
344:
26766:
20427:
19736:
18920:
17749:
12731:
11963:"The government of Singapore says it welcomes criticism, but its critics still suffer"11809:
10532:
8677:
8374:
The Singapore and Melaka Straits. Violence, Security and Diplomacy in the 17th century
6549:
oversees the world's largest public collection of Singaporean and Southeast Asian art.
3236:
The SAF has sent forces to assist in operations outside the country, in areas such as
28574:
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22210:. Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts. 16 March 2005. Archived from21869:
21522:"Michelin star for Singapore noodle stall where lunch is half the price of a Big Mac"21500:
21275:
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21173:"Music director Adrian Tan ushers in new era for Braddell Heights Symphony Orchestra"20788:
20778:
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Yang Huiwen (7 November 2007). "Singapore ranked No. 1 logistics hub by World Bank".
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in Singapore. There are a total of six free-to-air TV channels offered by MediaCorp.
6876:
6803:
6791:
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6570:
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and in military commands. Singaporean Malay is officially written in the Latin-based
6110:
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5248:
policy is designed to alleviate the decline and maintain its working-age population.
5239:
Like other developed countries in Asia, Singapore experienced a rapid decline in its
5179:
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4979:
4954:(UOB). In 2011, amidst the global financial crisis, OCBC, DBS and UOB were ranked by4887:
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4871:
4728:
4704:
4580:
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2721:
2438:
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2138:
2134:
2103:
2092:
1974:
1720:
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1598:
1304:
1162:
1030:
1023:
902:
311:
286:
163:
111:
26837:
22211:
18824:(Press release). Singapore Department of Statistics. 12 January 2011. Archived from18370:
15532:"250,000 Public Transport Vouchers to Help Needy Families Cope with Fare Adjustment"13765:
13673:
13098:
12787:. New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. 14 January 2009. Archived from11835:
6950:
Companies linked to the government control much of the domestic media in Singapore.
3919:
Climate data for Singapore (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1929–1941 and 1948–present)
3244:, in both military and civilian roles. In the region, they have helped to stabilise2996:
has been a cause of concern for all three countries. Close economic ties exist with
2669:
Members of Parliament (MPs) are elected at least every five years (or sooner with a
28208:
28202:
27605:
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Centre for Science and Technology of the Non-aligned and Other Developing Countries
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Singapore and Asia in a Globalized World: Contemporary Economic Issues and Policies
21754:
20656:
20619:
20474:
20465:
Ramesh, M. (2008). "Autonomy and Control in Public Hospital Reforms in Singapore".
18853:
State, society, and religious engineering: toward a reformist Buddhism in Singapore
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Shared Responsibilities, Unshared Power: The Politics of Policy-Making in Singapore
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25 tahun kerjasama Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi dan Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient,
8265:
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3649:'s banking licence for their alleged role in the Malaysian Sovereign Fund scandal.3564:
3348:
3182:
3005:
2945:
2640:
2442:
2425:, became the country's third prime minister. Lee Hsien Loong's tenure included the2221:
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in 1945/1946; however, the war ended before these operations could be carried out.
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20954:
19175:
Sociolinguistics: An international handbook of the science of language and society
18192:"Singapore Botanic Gardens clinches prestigious Unesco World Heritage site status"18166:
17890:"Singapore is 2nd most visited city in Asia-Pacific, 5th in the world: Mastercard"16942:
14883:
13948:"No doubts that death penalty is the right policy for drug trafficking: Shanmugam"10243:
10055:
2239:, which would unite the current and former British possessions in the region: the2220:
strongly opposed to the merger, fearing a loss of influence, and hence formed the
1891:
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9441:. Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts, Singapore. Archived from7116:
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6790:
Indoor and water sports are some of the most popular sports in Singapore. At the
6641:
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6426:
6414:
6252:
6169:
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5261:
5146:
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Singapore's public transport network is shaped up with trains (consisting of the
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3202:
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in 2015, the first meeting between the political leaders of the two sides of the
2899:
2873:
2842:
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ranks Singapore as a "flawed democracy", the second freest rank of four, in its "
2623:
2418:
2358:
2280:
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opposed the formation of Malaysia due to its own claims over Borneo and launched
2207:
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1970:
1966:
1900:
1837:
1778:
1724:
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918:
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The Economic Growth of Singapore: Trade and Development in the Twentieth Century
22802:
22778:
21807:"World champs!: S'pore beat favourites China in World Team Table Tennis C'ships"19552:"International Student Admissions: General Information on Studying in Singapore"15970:
15019:
9148:
6624:(SSO) instituted in 1979. Other notable western orchestras in Singapore include6593:
have been translated and showcased in publications such as the literary journal
6341:
is the second largest hospital in the city, serving one million patients yearly.
3587:
to rise or fall within an undisclosed trading band. This is different from most
2819:
and political rights. In 2023, Singapore was ranked 129th out of 180 nations by
1888:
and Singapore, the island became a global centre for rubber sorting and export.
28636:
28427:
28065:
27545:
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27242:
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27096:
26954:
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26406:
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20500:
19340:
16827:
16598:
16348:"Records of Climate Station Means (Climatological Reference Period: 1991-2020)"14884:"Chapter 6: Singapore Electronic Legal Tender (SELT)– A Proposed Concept"14330:"Six given police warnings for involvement in protest outside MOE headquarters"14152:
13586:
13477:"Speech by Minister for Manpower and Second Minister for Defence Dr Ng Eng Hen"13040:
12474:
11615:
Verweij, Marco, and Riccardo Pelizzo. "Singapore: Does Authoritarianism Pay?".
10180:"Singapore separates from Malaysia and becomes independent – Singapore History"8157:
7783:
7641:
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and hosts several meetings per week, including international races—notably the
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From 1938 to 2023, sexual relations between men were technically illegal under
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951:
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316:
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171:
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75:
39:
20918:"Ministry of Manpower issues response on debate over Thaipusam public holiday"20624:
20607:
20044:
19317:
17098:"Malaysian carrier Firefly to resume Singapore flights with twice-daily trips"16571:
16550:
Ivy Ong Bee Luan (2010). "Singapore Water Management Policies and Practices".
14932:(Press release). Monetary Authority of Singapore. 9 April 2007. Archived from14893:. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. p.147.11784:
Beyond Liberal Order: States, Societies and Markets in the Global Indian Ocean
11630:
Beyond Liberal Order: States, Societies and Markets in the Global Indian Ocean
11588:
11571:
11443:
11159:
9511:
8269:
7551:
6756:
4597:, and many more companies to plan for industrial changes. It is also used for3205:
in southern France. The RSAF's overseas detachments in the United States are:
2647:(PEC) that he or she is a person of integrity, good character and reputation.2098:
to receive the formal surrender of Japanese forces in the region from General
28661:
28597:
28498:
27191:
27137:
27041:
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25215:
25169:
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24291:
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23142:
23104:
22670:
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20979:
20792:
20555:"Speech by Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong on Singapore 21 Debate in Parliament"20478:
20270:
19883:
19761:
16404:
World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)
15907:
14191:
12989:"White House explains why it chose Singapore to host summit with North Korea"11451:
11284:
9519:
9472:
8277:
7996:
7094:
6982:
6730:
6707:
6610:
6602:
6598:
6500:
6454:
6425:), while those who speak Chinese as their native language mostly lean toward6240:
6184:, which is discouraged by the government as it claims it to be a substandard6134:
6126:. Jawi is considered an ethnic script for use on Singaporean identity cards.6123:
6081:
5647:
5527:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5125:, to market Singapore internationally for tourism and business purposes. The5039:
4895:
4854:. It reclaimed this title in 2023 before being superseded once more in 2024.4793:
4716:
4712:
3737:
are the largest of Singapore's smaller islands. The highest natural point is
3722:
3588:
3584:
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3384:
was not officially ruled out. Lee described this as a compromise between the
3328:
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2828:
2777:
2725:
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1981:
of the East", and military discussions often referred to the base as simply "
1877:
1857:
1728:
1637:
1387:
1323:
1277:
1215:
1177:
1150:
966:. In 1867, Singapore came under the direct control of Britain as part of the838:
477:
247:
234:
25050:
Agreement between New Zealand and Singapore on a Closer Economic Partnership
20398:
17036:"A look at Woodlands Checkpoint: Singapore's first and last line of defence"16913:"BMW Costing $ 260,000 Means Cars Only for Rich in Singapore as Taxes Climb"15374:. Ministry of Social and Family Development. 26 October 2014. Archived from13845:"Singapore sends 151 servicemen to join anti-piracy patrols in Gulf of Aden"11753:
11224:
10071:
A moment of anguish: Singapore in Malaysia and the politics of disengagement
9566:
9442:
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Protection Fund. Singapore is the first country in Southeast Asia to levy a
28536:
28242:
27905:
27851:
27743:
27551:
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27166:
26267:
26199:
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22237:
21543:"Michael Phelps taught a lesson for once – by Joseph Schooling | Andy Bull"19710:
19447:
19429:
18746:"More than 1.3million foreigners working in Singapore: Tan Chuan-Jin"15915:
15560:. Ministry of Social and Family Development. 13 August 2012. Archived from12272:
9412:
8608:
8397:
6852:, which is one of the most prestigious badminton tournaments alongside the6842:
6633:
6489:
6442:
6367:
6084:
and the main language used in business, government, law and education. The
5226:
5163:
5126:
5081:
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3726:
3611:
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3412:
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3381:
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3032:
2816:
2753:
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2422:
2354:
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2166:
2158:
2123:
1991:
1982:
1962:
1841:
1814:
1782:
1667:
1542:
1516:
1125:, although there are numerous green and recreational spaces as a result of1102:
971:
910:
430:
323:
22650:
22604:
22342:
22323:
21944:
21202:
Lee Tong Soon (2008). "Singapore". In Terry Miller; Sean Williams (eds.).
15988:"Speech by MOS Desmond Lee at the Asia for Animals Conference Gala Dinner"15457:
14629:
12182:
11741:
11428:"Singapore's National Day Rally speech: A site of ideological negotiation"4620:
1868:. By 1860 the population had swelled to over 80,000, more than half being28448:
28258:
28102:
28019:
27989:
27978:
27783:
27493:
27443:
27401:
27265:
27229:
27148:
27061:
26964:
26870:
26426:
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26134:
25984:
25894:
25879:
25874:
25682:
25289:
24998:
24629:
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24445:
24175:
24115:
24110:
24005:
23892:
21985:
21959:
21955:
20381:"Data of 14,200 people with HIV leaked online by American fraudster: MOH"19813:
18308:"Singapore's population grows 5% as foreign workers return post-pandemic"17248:
15479:
15419:
15389:
13282:
11728:
Governing as gardening: reflections on soft authoritarianism in Singapore
11195:"What are the Qualifications Required to Run for President in Singapore?"11148:
The Limits of Authoritarian Governance in Singapore's Developmental State
10654:
Yeoh, En-Lai (9 April 2003). "Singapore Woman Linked to 100 SARS Cases".
9703:"Big 'Unity' Plan – Tengku on closer ties with S'pore, Borneo and Brunei"7122:
6841:
in Russia, breaking China's 19-year winning streak. In 2021, Singapore's
6726:
6614:
6482:
6478:
6248:
6119:
5715:
5477:
5459:
5423:
4879:
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between Sydney and London. There are two civilian airports in Singapore,
4747:
4586:
3702:
3556:
3499:
3420:
3395:
3241:
3039:
3024:
2976:
2903:
2869:
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2761:
2596:
2161:, won Singapore's first general election in 1955. He led a delegation to2111:
2041:
2029:
1958:
1934:
1415:
1350:
1050:
20775:
Singapore: the making of a nation-state 1300–1975. Secondary Two,
20668:
19206:
17574:
17532:
16882:"Satellite-based ERP to be ready by 2020, with S$ 556m contract awarded"15899:
15342:"Asian and European cities compete for the title of most expensive city"14180:"S377A officially repealed after President Halimah gives assent to Bill"13617:"Opening Ceremony of the RSAF Helicopter Detachment in Oakey, Australia"10891:
9527:
9495:
4781:
3491:
2932:
Singapore maintains membership in other regional organisations, such as
2324:
that it should vote to expel Singapore from Malaysia. On 9 August 1965,
959:
28591:
28377:
28275:
28196:
28080:
27949:
27938:
27927:
27916:
27391:
27336:
27130:
26481:
26436:
26179:
26119:
26049:
25989:
25605:
25322:
24614:
24515:
24235:
24210:
24125:
24105:
24055:
24025:
24015:
22181:
22077:
17451:. Singapore Economic Development Board. 30 January 2012. Archived from15157:"Financial Secrecy Index – 2015 Results: Narrative Report on Singapore"12140:
11700:"The Subtle Authoritarianism of Southeast Asia's Wealthiest City-State"10726:"GE2015: A look back at the last 5 general elections from 1991 to 2011"10363:
9891:
The Undeclared War: The Story of the Indonesian Confrontation 1962–1966
7160:
7056:
7008:
6967:
6963:
6845:
achieved a "World Champion" status when he won a badminton gold at the
6815:
6678:
6422:
6349:
ranks Singapore's healthcare system as 6th overall in the world in its
6286:
exams are taken; at the end of the following pre-university stage, the
5404:
3897:
3730:
3661:
3407:
3245:
3198:
3112:(IDF) commanders were tasked by the Singapore Government to create the2781:
2503:
1696:
1181:
1066:
1019:
870:
225:
22715:
The Rising Sun, The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire: 1936–1945
22570:
This article incorporates public domain text from the websites of the
22013:"The Big Read: To keep roaring for S'pore, F1 needs to raise its game"19630:"Mandarin is important but remains a second language in S'pore MM Lee"19606:(Press release). Ministry of Education. 2 January 2008. Archived from19073:
18898:
17860:"Visitor arrivals to Singapore rise 6.2% to hit new high in 2018: STB"17700:
15805:
14684:"Singapore drops one place to No. 4 in global competitiveness ranking"13479:(Press release). Ministry of Defence. 18 February 2008. Archived from13441:"The Israeli Arsenal Deployed Against Gaza During Operation Cast Lead"11932:
11857:
9011:
The British Pacific Fleet: The Royal Navy's Most Powerful Strike Force
8945:
Malaya and Singapore 1941–42: The fall of Britain's empire in the East
8424:
8181:
3023:
As Singapore has diplomatic relations with both the United States and
2910:
Singapore's stated foreign policy priority is maintaining security in
1884:. Later, in the 1890s, when the rubber industry became established in1606:
1603:
1366:
1363:
1360:
28434:
28328:
28315:
28293:
28264:
28236:
28213:
28146:
28130:
28108:
28086:
27973:
27773:
27515:
27477:
27366:
27260:
26770:
26416:
26366:
26291:
26204:
26114:
25979:
25849:
25824:
25269:
24702:
24619:
24520:
24399:
24200:
24075:
23631:
23152:
22861:
22486:(Press release). Deloitte Australia. 25 November 2014. Archived from18964:(Press release). Ministry of Education. 31 March 2000. Archived from18943:
18941:
17220:
13670:"Singapore celebrates Peace Carvin V partnership with U.S. Air Force"10976:
10565:
9652:
The Open United Front: The Communist Struggle in Singapore, 1954–1966
8790:
Sanderson, Reginald (1907). Wright, Arnold; Cartwright, H.A. (eds.).
7871:
6951:
6739:
6469:
6195:
6151:
6130:
5931:
5923:
5663:
5595:
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3170:
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2650:
From 2017, the Constitution requires that presidential elections be "
2611:
2499:
2304:
Singaporean government and the Malaysian central government disagreed
2266:
1978:
1895:
Panorama of Singapore at sunrise, 1865, lithograph by Vincent Brooks.
1833:
1790:
1704:
1688:
1633:
1573:
and mounted a Lion Throne. After then being driven into exile by the
1570:
1562:
1538:
1512:
1038:
914:
21624:"Singapore to host first edition of the Youth Olympic Games in 2010"20876:(Press release). Prime Minister's Office. 5 May 2010. Archived from20027:"Singapore tops biggest global education rankings published by OECD"18949:
ISB4: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Bilingualism
18359:(Report). Singapore Department of Statistics. 2010. pp.13–16.18273:
14572:. Singapore. Agence France-Presse. 26 September 2007. Archived from13619:(Press release). Ministry of Defence. 20 August 1999. Archived from9106:"On This Day– 15 February 1942: Singapore forced to surrender"8453:
6775:, the Singapore Swimming Club, and the Hollandse Club. Weightlifter6565:
focuses on contemporary art from a Southeast Asian perspective. The
6334:
5019:
2133:, with strong ties to the trade unions and Chinese schools, waged a1210:. The PAP has governed the country continuously since full internal28559:
28514:
28394:
28280:
28247:
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Spans the conventional boundary between Asia and another continent.
24276:
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24170:
24150:
24145:
24140:
24040:
23117:
20660:
17339:"Singapore port container throughput hits record high in 2019: MPA"15375:
15312:"Singapore ranked world's most expensive city for 3rd year running"14633:
13215:(Press release). Ministry of Defence. 21 April 2005. Archived from11885:"Ideas & Trends; Beyond Singapore: Corporal Punishment, A to Z"10536:
8253:
8173:
7867:
Did Singapore Have to Fall?: Churchill and the Impregnable Fortress
7060:
6943:
6939:
6833:
Singapore's women's table tennis team were silver medalists at the
6787:, in which 3,600 athletes from 204 nations competed in 26 sports.6649:
6458:
6378:
6181:
5927:
5511:
5443:
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5380:
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for reclamation, in which an area is enclosed and then pumped dry.
3710:
3642:
3446:
3438:
3096:
2236:
2224:, after being kicked out from the PAP. The ruling party of Malaya,1950:
1300:
991:
930:
833:
795:
505:
25150:
25080:
Straits Settlement and Johore Territorial Waters Agreement of 1927
23214:
Founding of modern Singapore and early colonial period (1819–1826)
22466:"Smartphone penetration in Singapore the highest globally: Survey"20773:
Singapore, Curriculum Planning & Development Division (2015).
19446:. Singapore: National Library Board. 18 April 2008. Archived from18938:
18720:"HDB InfoWEB: HDB Wins the 2010 UN-HABITAT Scroll of Honour Award"18425:"Singaporeans of mixed race allowed to 'double barrel' race in IC"14360:"How a 14-year-old girl was trafficked to Singapore and locked up"13788:"75 SAF soldiers honoured for contributions in fight against ISIS"7456:"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Singapore)"6837:. They became world champions in 2010 when they beat China at the5310:
Singapore Department of Statistics population report for June 2023
1876:
plantations. In 1867, the Straits Settlements were separated from
1553:
where he encountered the beast. The second hypothesis, drawn from
28612:
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22734:
21350:"Singapore's best street food ... just don't order frog porridge"20714:"PM Lee on racial and religious issues (National Day Rally 2009)"20345:"Singaporeans have world's longest life expectancy at 84.8 years"18530:"Lessons from Singapore on Raising Fertility Rates – IMF F&D"18451:"Lessons from Singapore on Raising Fertility Rates – IMF F&D"16101:. Internet Archive. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall15820:"Earthshots: Satellite Images of Environmental Change: Singapore"13818:"SAF to provide medical aid, set up dental clinic in Afghanistan"13278:
12928:"Opening 'window of opportunity' for China-Singapore cooperation"12700:"Singapore accused of land grab as islands disappear by boatload"11002:
10355:
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An outline of Singapore and the surrounding islands and waterways
3454:
3442:
3210:
3121:
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2797:
2312:
2212:
1708:
1684:
1578:
1520:
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sometime before the 15th century, after the establishment of the
1498:
1455:
1394:
1379:
1186:
946:
894:
425:
28119:
22510:"6 top things that Singaporeans do when using their smartphones"20097:"S'pore students top in science, maths and reading in Pisa test"17383:"Singapore Miracle Dimming as Income Gap Widens Squeeze by Rich"16652:"Resource-starved Singapore turns sewage into ultra-clean water"16594:"Singapore To Meet Water Target Before Deadline: Southeast Asia"13095:"President Ma to meet China's Xi in Singapore Saturday (update)"12897:"Singapore a 'strong supporter' of China's peaceful development"12759:"Currency Interchangeability Agreement – Brunei Notes and Coins"8529:
6779:
was Singapore's first Olympic medalist, winning a silver at the
2803:
The right to freedom of speech and association is guaranteed by
2662:
led to the PEC approving a single candidate for the presidency;
1872:. Many of these early immigrants came to work on the pepper and1844:
hill (centre) was home to its ancient and early colonial rulers.
1557:, postulates that this mythical story is based on the real life950:
and subsequently a major constituent part of several successive
940:
dates back at least eight hundred years, having been a maritime
28693:
Countries and territories where English is an official language
28678:
Countries and territories where Chinese is an official language
28580:
28531:
28492:
28476:
28459:
28453:
28439:
28383:
28355:
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28344:
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25259:
24609:
24505:
24296:
24220:
24185:
24120:
24100:
24090:
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24035:
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23108:
20297:"World Health Organization Assesses the World's Health Systems"18913:"Epistemic modalities and the discourse particles of Singapore"18668:"Statistics Singapore – Latest Data – Households & Housing"18647:"Statistics Singapore – Latest Data – Households & Housing"16318:"One of world's largest floating solar farms coming up in Tuas"16040:"Singapore Botanic Gardens declared UNESCO World Heritage Site"15220:"Singapore shuts Falcon bank unit, fines DBS and UBS over 1MDB"11992:
11746:
Human Rights in Asia: A Reassessment of the Asian Values Debate
10601:. Elections Department Singapore. 18 April 2006. Archived from10503:"Three factors that have made Singapore a global logistics hub"10089:"Secret documents reveal extent of negotiations for Separation"8699:
8697:
8695:
7576:. Asian Studies @ University of Texas at Austin. Archived from7291:"Singapore Department of Statistics population report for 2022"7016:
6722:
which celebrates Singapore's cuisine is held annually in July.
6637:
6492:
5919:
5613:
4801:
4796:
in Asia, serving some of the busiest sea and air trade routes.
3827:
3769:
3552:
3503:
3336:
3265:
3178:
3101:
2997:
2244:
2162:
1923:
1915:
1912:
1715:. Archaeological evidence suggests that the main settlement on1431:
1390:
23899:
22572:
21856:. S.League. 2016. Archived from the original on 22 August 201321141:
20581:"MM Lee says Singapore needs to do more to achieve nationhood"20311:
18884:"Modernity in south-east Asia". Informaworld. 2 December 1995.18475:
15016:"Statistics Singapore -IMF SDDS– Economic and Financial"12393:
7015:(ISPs) that offer residential service plans of speeds up to 228748:
Countries and territories where Tamil is an official language
28703:
Countries and territories where Malay is an official language
28547:
28542:
28410:
28399:
28339:
28220:
28135:
28113:
28097:
28075:
28013:
28008:
27984:
27967:
27754:
27610:
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27483:
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26800:
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25151:
24487:
24404:
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24205:
24180:
24160:
24095:
24070:
24060:
24045:
20013:"Singapore tops OECD's global school ranking, US placed 28th"19172:
Ammon, Ulrich; Dittmar, Norbert; Mattheier, Klaus J. (2006).
17836:
Perspectives on the Security of Singapore: The First 50 Years
16844:. Chapter 6/The Master Planned Transit Metropolis: Singapore.15508:. Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore. Archived from15250:"UBS et Falcon sanctionnés à Singapour dans le scandale 1MBD"12673:"World Factbook– Field Listing: International disputes"12614:"Australia– New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (AANZFTA)"11834:. Singapore Academy of Law. 25 September 2007. Archived from11604:
Illiberal Democracy and the Future of Opposition in Singapore
6830:. At 17, he was also Singapore's youngest Olympic medalist.6682:
6302:
6122:, though some Singaporean Malays also learn the Arabic-based6092:
are required if a language other than English is used in the
5946:
has also made slow inroads into the country in recent years.
5388:
5370:
3706:
3622:(OECD) "liste grise" of tax havens, and ranked fourth on the3434:
3332:
3319:
is a legal and enforced penalty in Singapore. The country is
3222:
2918:
2308:
2046:
1927:
1806:
1786:
1454:, depending on pronunciation; this may be a transcription of1223:
926:
273:
22858:
The Politics of Nation Building and Citizenship in Singapore
21889:
Football: Goodbye S-League, welcome Singapore Premier League
18771:
18748:. Singapore: Channel NewsAsia. 5 August 2014. Archived from18326:"Singapore: Asian immigrant stock by country of origin 2020"15217:
13978:"Singapore: The death penalty – A hidden toll of executions"12958:"Asean to step up terror fight, hold naval drill with China"11740:
Kent, Ann (2008), Avonius, Leena; Kingsbury, Damien (eds.),
8692:
7231:
6133:, typically with English as their common language and their5197:. To promote racial harmony among the three races, a unique2469:
held in July saw the PAP drop to 61% of the vote, while the
2437:
between Singapore and Malaysia, the introduction of the two
2075:
1123:
third highest population density of any country in the world
28585:
28481:
28405:
28372:
28366:
28298:
28191:
27588:
27562:
27556:
26857:‡ denotes a former member state of the Non-Aligned Movement26272:
26214:
26039:
25859:
25274:
24525:
24255:
24165:
24130:
24085:
24080:
23989:
21106:"The dynamics of multilingualism in contemporary Singapore"20299:(Press release). World Health Organization. 7 February 200020170:"Singaporeans among top English speakers; Hong Kong slides"19632:. Singapore: Channel NewsAsia. 26 June 2010. Archived from19426:"What are some commonly misspelled English words?|ASK!ASK!"18609:"Tiny Singapore risks economic gloom without big baby boom"15096:"Tax havens: Brett Blundy latest to join the Singapore set"14599:"The AAA-rated club: which countries still make the grade?"14268:"Greater public acceptance of gay sex and marriage: Survey"14127:"Singapore to decriminalize gay sex, but will limit change"13537:. Singapore Parliament. 20 October 2011. pp.341–345.12473:. The Non-Aligned Movement. 23 January 2002. Archived from12079:. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit. 8 January 2019.10869:"Singapore to swear in Lawrence Wong as new prime minister"8808:"Singapore attains crown colony status – Singapore History"8452:
Nicholl, Robert; King, Victor T.; Horton, A. V. H. (1995).
8346:
Jakarta, Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi / EFEO, 2002, p. 59–82.
7730:
Kheng, Cheah Boon; Ismail, Abdul Rahman Haji, eds. (1998).
7225:
7213:
7159:
Singapore has no official distinct capital city as it is a
6971:
6176:. However, forms of English spoken in Singapore range from4851:
4800:
is an aviation centre for Southeast Asia and a stopover on
4536:
3909:
3619:
3529:'s World Competitiveness Ranking of 64 countries, with the3399:
3288:, Singapore is the 5th most peaceful country in the world.3249:
3237:
3230:
1679:. Although the historicity of the accounts as given in the1533:
1507:
1462:
1405:
1285:
1180:
parliamentary government, and its legal system is based on
1058:
990:
in 1959 and, in 1963, became part of the new federation of
826:
161:
138:
45:
25951:
23026:(Report). Singapore Department of Statistics. April 2002.22542:. Singapore Department of Statistics. 2014. Archived from22260:"Equinix further expands SG2 IBX data center in Singapore"21422:"The top celebrity chef restaurants to visit in Singapore"20741:"Bit of Malay Culture Is Now Vanishing Under Muslim Rules"20684:"Bit of Malay Culture Is Now Vanishing Under Muslim Rules"20196:"Dutch Pass Danes to Become World's Best English Speakers"18395:"Trends in international migrant stock: The 2008 revision"16711:
16121:"Singapore National Environment Agency Weather Statistics"15281:"Water price hike sparks rare public protest in Singapore"14800:"44 Percent of Workforce Are Non-Citizens" (our estimate)"13820:. Singapore: Channel NewsAsia. 16 May 2007. Archived from13182:. Singapore: Channel NewsAsia. 1 July 2007. Archived from12873:. Singapore: Channel NewsAsia. 24 May 2017. Archived from7763:
Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
7601:
6597:, published in the 1980s and 1990s with editors including6088:
and all government legislation is written in English, and
1397:
source from the same time period. The name possibly means
26637:"Josip Broz Tito" Art Gallery of the Nonaligned Countries23048:
22992:
From Third World to First: The Singapore Story: 1965–2000
20583:. Singapore: Channel NewsAsia. 5 May 2009. Archived from19930:. EU-Asia Higher Education Platform. 2011. Archived from19508:
18962:"Global Literacy: The advantage of speaking good English"14451:
A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present
13180:"SAF remains final guarantor of Singapore's independence"12616:. New Zealand Government. 4 December 2008. Archived from12273:"2021 Corruption Perceptions Index – Explore the results"12259:
From third world to first: The Singapore story, 1965–2000
11917:. U.S. Department of State. 19 March 2010. Archived from11285:"Constitution of the Republic of Singapore – article 19B"10833:
10831:
9803:. Singapore Press Holdings. 3 September 1962. p.1.9773:. Singapore Press Holdings. 2 September 1962. p.1.9131:
9129:
9127:
7962:
7219:
7210:
3638:
2957:
850:
22540:"Statistics Singapore – Latest Data – Social Indicators"21274:. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press. pp.161 ff.20045:"Pisa tests: Singapore top in global education rankings"19656:"Returning Singaporeans – Mother-Tongue Language Policy"18797:
Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project
18772:"Introduction – Inter-Religious Organisation, Singapore"17948:"World Travel and Tourism Council 2017 Singapore report"17728:"SIA tops Asian list among 50 most admired global firms"17404:
Facts and Figures – Singapore Economic Development Board
16016:. National Biodiversity Reference Center. Archived from15534:. Ministry of Transport. 21 January 2015. Archived from13561:"Singapore– Recruitment and Training of Personnel"11643:
Singapore, China, and the "Soft Authoritarian" Challenge
11315:"Halimah Yacob named Singapore's first female president"11225:"Constitution of the Republic of Singapore – article 19"11031:. Singapore Government. 19 December 2010. Archived from9360:
9311:
9309:
9053:. Macmillan International Higher Education. p.39.7701:"5 other places in Asia which are also called Singapura"4898:
traffic and the world's biggest ship refuelling centre.
4766:
daily (with an annual total of 128 million travellers).
3806:
in Singapore is present in nature reserves, such as the
1161:
is enshrined in the constitution and continues to shape
26986:
List of countries where English is an official language
21782:"Table tennis: End of era for Singapore women paddlers"19316:. Immigration and Checkpoints Authority. Archived from18893:
18891:
17679:"Singapore's OCBC Strongest Bank as Canadians Dominate"15189:"Jakarta plans tax haven on two islands near Singapore"15127:"Pourquoi Cahuzac a-t-il placé son argent à Singapour?"13385:"Malaysian FA apologises to Benayoun over racist abuse"11487:
Rebuilding the Ancestral Village: Singaporeans in China
10456:. Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. Archived from10380:
Management of Success: The Moulding of Modern Singapore
10042:
10040:
7409:
6798:
won Singapore's first Olympic gold medal, claiming the
4834:
of Singapore, has been regarded as a 5-star airline by
3826:, a 165-year-old tropical garden and Singapore's first2948:. It is also a member of the Non-Aligned Movement, the2235:, made a surprise proposal for a new Federation called2122:
ended on 1 April 1946, and Singapore became a separate
1765:
to establish a factory in Singapore on 6 February 1819.
19:
This article is about the country. For other uses, see
24596:
23984:
23090:
22413:"Impossible for S'pore to block all undesirable sites"22031:"Mixed martial arts-ONE FC returning to Manila in May"21829:"Singapore's Loh Kean Yew is badminton world champion"19684:(Press release). Ministry of Education. Archived from19029:. Ministry of Education. 19 April 2010. Archived from17661:"Heng upbeat about semiconductor industry's prospects"15873:
15871:
14178:
Correspondent, Goh Yan HanPolitical (3 January 2023).
13764:. Agence France-Presse. 7 October 2003. Archived from12221:"What is the Singapore model of economic development?"12103:"Singapore to toughen protest laws ahead of APEC meet"11860:. World Corporal Punishment Research. September 2012.10828:
10788:"For PAP, the numbers hark back to 2001 polls showing"10757:"PAP racks up landslide win, takes 83 out of 89 seats"9682:
9680:
9124:
8987:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp.90–.7393:. Singapore Department of Statistics. 14 August 2024.7383:
5899:
was the second largest religion at 18.9%, followed by
3884:
in neighbouring Indonesia, usually from the island of
3620:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
3201:. The RSAF has one squadron—the 150 Squadron—based in2299:
2,417,107 in 2023) in damages to MacDonald House.
978:
in 1942 and returned to British control as a separate
22955:
Renaissance Singapore? Economy, Culture, and Politics
22906:
Singapore's foreign policy: Coping with vulnerability
22634:
The Gordon Bennett Story: From Gallipoli to Singapore
22419:. Singapore: Singapore Press Holdings. Archived from21382:"Food fight! The battle for the food delivery market"20528:. World Health Organization. May 2008. Archived from19205:
Singapore Arms and Flag and National Anthem Act (
19171:
18811:
15420:"Welfare in Singapore: Singapore government response"15069:"Singapore fifth worst tax haven in the world: Oxfam"13901:"RSAF C-130 arrives in Cebu to assist relief efforts"13239:"S'pore to boost expenditure, raise defence spending"12252:
12250:
12019:"Singapore: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report"11088:"Role and structure of the Supreme Court – structure"10383:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p.107.10250:
9908:
Konfrontasi: The Indonesia-Malaysia Dispute 1963–1966
9407:
9405:
9306:
9226:
7249:
7207:
6607:
Rhythms: A Singaporean Millennial Anthology Of Poetry
6408:
district, Singapore's oldest Hindu temple since 1827.
6318:
Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study
5922:
centres from all three major traditions of Buddhism:
3749:
were part of Singapore, and both were transferred to
3595:
to manage policy. Singapore has the world's eleventh
3104:, a country unrecognised by Singapore's neighbouring2800:) are retained and commonly used as legal penalties.1687:, was a trading port under the influence of both the21497:
Singapore Hawker Centres: People, Places, Food
20951:
Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts
20874:"Old and new citizens get equal chance, says MM Lee"20059:"PISA: Singapore teens top global education ranking"18888:
18660:
18505:"Singapore: citizen population median age 1970–2022"18283:. Department of Statistics Singapore. Archived from17374:
17062:"Qantas celebrates 60 years of the 'Kangaroo Route'"16939:"Once you're here: Basic Road Rules and Regulations"16552:
International Journal of Water Resources Development
15812:
10621:. Singapore: Tailsman Publishing. 2006. p.82.10037:
8838:"First Rubber Trees are Planted in Singapore – 1877"8709:
Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts
7959:"50 reasons Singapore is the best city in the world"7422:. Singapore Department of Statistics. Archived from7228:
7070:
6763:
is a gold medalist and Olympic record holder at the
3741:
at 163.63m (537ft). Under British rule,
3380:
unchanged for the time, although the possibility of
3008:
banknotes and coins legal tender in either country.
2764:, continuing the legal tradition established during2577:: The executive consists of the cabinet, led by the1907:. The only significant event during the war was the1022:, the nation rapidly developed to become one of the27703:
22917:
Singapore Politics: Under the People's Action Party
22652:
Singapore & the Silk Road of the sea, 1300–1800
22532:
20404:. Geneva: World Health Organization. 13 August 201018980:
18856:. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.17787:"S'pore is India's second-largest foreign investor"16495:"S'pore 'most at risk of facing high water stress'"16205:"Astronomical and Tidal Information | Monthly Data"15868:
12162:Ortmann, Stephan; Thompson, Mark R (January 2016).11858:"Judicial caning in Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei"11748:, New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, pp.83–97,10839:"Why so many Singaporeans voted for the opposition"9677:
9561:
9559:
9557:
9167:
8572:
Singapore: Wealth, Power and the Culture of Control
7204:
5031:Tourism is a major industry and contributor to the2876:(#34), constraints on government powers (#32), and2677:has 103 members; 93 were directly elected from the1073:. Singapore ranks highly in key social indicators:1061:hub and has consistently been ranked as one of the1041:. Singapore is the only country in Asia with a AAA26911:
22712:
22636:. Sydney, New South Wales: Angus & Robertson.22046:
22044:
21348:
21295:
21029:
20716:. Singapore United. 16 August 2009. Archived from20072:
19444:"What are some commonly misspelled English words?"17942:
17940:
17768:"Lee Kuan Yew, truly the father of Changi airport"17432:
16181:. National University of Singapore. Archived from16098:Physical geography: a landscape appreciation15804:. Ministry of National Development. Archived from15218:Anshuman Daga; Joshua Franklin (11 October 2016).14823:"Ha-Joon Chang: Economics Is A Political Argument"14722:International Institute for Management Development14506:"Singapore ranked 7th in the world for innovation"13758:"Singapore to send 192 military personnel to Iraq"13304:Omar, Marsita; Chan Fook Weng (31 December 2007).13303:
13151:
13149:
12841:"Singapore, China leaders laud deep, growing ties"12707:
12247:
12074:
11363:
10472:"Lunch Dialogue on 'Singapore as a Transport Hub'"9666:
9567:"Country studies: Singapore: Road to Independence"9431:
9402:
8460:. Hull, England: University of Hull. p.219.8365:
7039:exchange Internet traffic between their networks (6515:make use of a lion. Major religious festivals are3820:plans to preserve the country's remaining wildlife3527:International Institute for Management Development3415:protections in the educational system outside the2024:'s control tower near the city has been conserved.954:empires. Its contemporary era began in 1819, when23884:
21751:"Olympics: First medal in 48 years for Singapore"21537:
21535:
21310:
18897:Republic of Singapore Independence Act 1965 (17244:"Singapore is no longer the world's best airport"16941:. Expat Singapore. 16 August 2009. Archived from16095:McKnight, Tom L. (Tom Lee); Hess, Darrel (2000).15584:"Singapore Budget 2014 – Measures For Households"14922:
14566:"Singapore top paradise for business: World Bank"14536:"Singapore jumps to top of Global Dynamism Index"13534:Deferment of National Service for Medical Studies13207:
13205:
13203:
13201:
13015:"President Trump meets Kim Jong Un: Live updates"11673:"The invisible scars made by strikes of the cane"10015:"Mac Donald House suffered $ 250,000 bomb damage"9247:"Japanese Occupation newspaper in library portal"9204:"South West Pacific War: Australia's Fine Record"8451:
7956:
7736:. Academic Art & Printing Services Sdn. Bhd.7647:Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300–18006685:cart-stalls roll in after dusk, on a side street.6617:have contributed work in more than one language.6605:, as well as in multilingual anthologies such as6481:. The government also places a heavy emphasis on6453:. Tamil-speaking Singaporeans mostly lean toward6445:. Malay-speaking Singaporeans mostly lean toward6404:Ornate details on top of Sri Mariamman Temple in5096:, all located in southern and eastern Singapore.4970:The nation's best known global companies include4711:), three LRT lines serving the neighbourhoods of3669:is 9th in the world, with an HDI value of 0.935.2604:governing the state. The president holds limited28659:
26981:List of countries by English-speaking population25497:Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia22844:Singapore's success: engineering economic growth22361:"Internet Users by Country (July 2016 estimate)"20321:. Department of Statistics. 2014. Archived from19836:"How Singapore's six public universities differ"19578:"ASEAN Scholarships: Frequently Asked Questions"19355:
19341:"Singapore's booming appetite to study Mandarin"19138:Afendras, Evangelos A.; Kuo, Eddie C.Y. (1980).18582:"Singapore's birth trend outlook remains dismal"18354:Census of Population 2010 Advance Census Release16549:
15093:
13469:
13066:Yin, Chun-chieh; Lee, Mei-yu (4 November 2015).11539:
11537:
9888:
9554:
8429:. Country Studies. GPO for tus/singapore/4.htm.7759:"The Malay Annals translated from Raffles MS 18"6271:are among the top 20 universities in the world.5254:subsidised, high-rise, public housing apartments5209:and the remaining 2,306,900 (38.4%) were either4648:, implemented in 1975, became the world's first3601:net international investment position per capita2956:. While Singapore is not a formal member of the2211:Singapore thrived as an entrepôt. In the 1960s,1585:, recalling the throne he had been driven from.1458:, alternatively, it may be a combination of the26591:Coordinating Bureau of the Non-Aligned Movement25522:ASEAN–Australia Development Cooperation Program25075:Southeast Asian Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty22294:Info-communications Media Development Authority22041:
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20547:
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21490:
21488:
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1327:
1317:
27836:
27689:
26886:
26497:
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25698:
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24685:
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28718:Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations27174:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands27031:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha26607:Centre for South-South Technical Cooperation26452:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands26447:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha25617:Outstanding Scientist and Technologist Award25386:ASEAN–Republic of Korea Commemorative Summit25085:Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership24661:
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7446:
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27829:
27696:
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4792:Singapore is a major international4589:of Singapore, which is used by the3757:is the nation's easternmost point.3606:Singapore has been identified as a2691:group representation constituencies2226:United Malays National Organisation13:
26910:
23091:Singapore Government Online Portal22834:Historical dictionary of Singapore22753:
22573:Singapore Department of Statistics22010:
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21056:. Channel NewsAsia. Archived from21052:Wintle, Angela (5 February 2016).21030:Faizah bte Zakaria (7 July 2016).21003:
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17034:Lim, Yan Liang (13 October 2013).16888:. 25 February 2016. Archived from16606:from the original on 5 August 201216531:from the original on 29 March 202216445:from the original on 14 April 202115322:from the original on 24 April 201715094:Andrew Heathcote (15 April 2013).14863:from the original on 9 August 201814546:from the original on 7 August 202014473:
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2064:
1418:visited a place around 1330 named1214:was achieved in 1959, and holds a1111:fastest Internet connection speeds14:
28774:
26927:
26327:Heard Island and McDonald Islands23007:
22994:. New York: HarperCollins, 2000.22609:. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish.22582:United States Library of Congress22578:United States Department of State22516:. 6 November 2014. Archived from21911:. 20 January 2009. Archived from21347:Michaels, Rowena (20 July 2013).21271:Changing Chinese foodways in Asia20690:. Yale University. Archived from19928:"Developing Asian education hubs"19141:Language and society in Singapore18917:Approaches to Discourse Particles18910:
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24439:
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23898:
23244:Merger with Malaysia (1962–1965)23132:
23122:
23053:Ministry of Transport, Singapore22948:Understanding Singapore Politics22943:(Oxford University Press, 2017).22502:
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19089:. 6 January 2015. Archived from19079:
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15042:"Based on USD/SGD rate of 1.221"15034:
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11396:Yong, Ng Tze (20 October 2008).11389:
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10501:Lam, Yin Yin (26 January 2017).10494:
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10446:
10403:Terry McCarthy, "Lee Kuan Yew."10397:
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7115:
7101:
7087:
7073:
6269:Nanyang Technological University6265:National University of Singapore6225:National University of Singapore5918:Singapore hosts monasteries and5427:
5417:
5374:
5364:
3260:(RSN) has deployed ships to the3090:Digital and Intelligence Service2979:to Singapore, and access by the2927:The Forum of Small States (FOSS)2760:The judicial system is based on2645:Presidential Elections Committee2187:William Allmond Codrington Goode2008:Japanese occupation of Singapore1953:in the world, the third-largest1695:kingdoms, and was a part of the1378:'. Early references to the name768:
767:
742:
720:
719:
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668:
667:
649:
648:
597:
209:
181:
118:
104:
27866:states with limited recognition26950:History of the English language25195:Treaty of Amity and Cooperation25060:Five Power Defence Arrangements23224:Japanese occupation (1942–1945)23219:Straits Settlements (1826–1942)22484:"Deloitte Mobile Consumer 2014"22411:Wong, Tessa (11 January 2011).22131:. XIN MSN. 2011. Archived from22105:. XIN MSN. 2011. Archived from21697:Chia, Nicole (20 August 2017).21628:International Olympic Committee21406:. 21 March 2019. Archived from21170:
21079:Toh, Wen Li (5 November 2018).21032:"Esplanade-Theatres on the bay"19987:"Foreign Students in Singapore"19289:Second Language Writing Systems19255:"General Household Survey 2015"18911:Gupta, A.F. Fischer, K. (ed.).18305:
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10305:from the original on 5 May 202010120:"Singapore as Part of Malaysia"10118:Leitch Lepoer, Barbara (1989).10062:
10007:
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9924:
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9643:
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9386:. Singapore. 23 February 1946.9372:
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9238:
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9098:
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7011:as well as some other business6956:free-to-air television channels6926:Telecommunications in Singapore5245:introduced a series of programs5153:
4646:Singapore Area Licensing Scheme4546:
3790:Singapore Botanic Gardens is a3569:Monetary Authority of Singapore3547:, celebrated the nation's 20153308:Capital punishment in Singapore3291:
3282:Five Power Defence Arrangements3167:Republic of Singapore Air Force3139:Republic of Singapore Air Force2860:government with an emphasis on2181:(PAP) won a landslide victory.2120:British Military Administration1825:was signed on 6 February 1819.1410:, meaning 'sea' or 'lake'. The1374:name for 'island at the end of883:63 satellite islands and islets28733:Small Island Developing States26397:British Indian Ocean Territory26306:Australian Antarctic Territory25573:ASEAN Human Rights Declaration24708:Foreign relations of Singapore24369:British Indian Ocean Territory23234:Post-war Singapore (1946–1955)22719:. New York, NY: Random House.22596:
22472:. Singapore. 11 February 2015.22341:Gibson, William (April 1993).22322:Sandfort, Sandy (April 1993).21748:
21520:Han, Kirsten (4 August 2016).20980:"About | Singapore Art Museum"20849:"The Nanny State Places a Bet"19469:Tan Hwee Hwee (22 July 2002).19144:. Singapore University Press.19003:. October 2010. Archived from17785:Ramesh, S. (14 January 2011).17423:Burton, John (10 April 2006).17362:. Long Finance. September 202017221:"Skytrax World Airline Awards"17179:Yap, Jimmy (30 January 2004).16264:Overland, Indra et al. (2017)15852:. Singapore. 4 February 2018.14542:. Singapore. 29 October 2015.13843:Chow, Jermyn (17 March 2014).13695:Chua Chin Hon (13 July 2010).13448:Institute of Palestine Studies12225:Cambridge Journal of Economics11485:Kuah-Pearce, Khun Eng (2011).10331:. Singapore. 1 February 1960.9669:The Tiger and the Trojan Horse9413:"Singapore – Aftermath of War"9108:. BBC News. 15 February 1942.8705:"Founding of Modern Singapore"8224:11858/00-001M-0000-0013-167B-C7699:Joshua Lee (6 December 2016).7283:
7184:
7175:
7166:
7153:
7136:Foreign relations of Singapore6892:Formula One World Championship6698:, based on the Hainanese dish6652:, who is famous for composing6180:to a colloquial form known as5119:Ministry of Trade and Industry4890:traffic, at 37.2million3369:Section 377A of the Penal Code3345:non-governmental organisations2990:International Court of Justice2890:Foreign relations of Singapore2599:: The Singapore Parliament is2079:Map of Singapore Town in 1951.1947:Japanese invasion of Manchuria1937:, the British built the large1436:
1382:(or Tumasik) are found in the1328:
1014:in 1965. After early years of897:, off the southern tip of the743:
1:
23885:Articles related to Singapore22442:Chua Hian Hou (23 May 2008).22290:"Singapore Internet Exchange"22052:"Country Report 2010 Edition"21958:. 11 May 2007. Archived from21569:"History of Singapore Sports"21463:"Singapore's Street Food 101"20924:. Singapore. 13 February 201520612:Journal of Cultural Geography20387:. Singapore. 28 January 2019.20121:. Singapore. 6 December 2016.20103:. Singapore. 6 December 2016.19764:. Ministry of Education. 201119713:. Ministry of Education. 201119532:. Ministry of Education. 201119339:Oi, Mariko (5 October 2010).19314:"Update Change of Name in IC"18580:Ng, Julia (7 February 2007).18263:Express Healthcare Management18257:Dogra, Sapna (16 July 2005).16802:. London: Routledge. p.16324:. Singapore. 19 August 2020.15310:Lee Yen Nee (10 March 2016).14628:Ogg, Jon C. (8 August 2011).13794:. Singapore. 9 October 2017.13450:. p.186. Archived from13273:Barzilai, Amnon (July 2004).12392:. ASEAN. 2009. Archived from12364:"Singapore Missions Overseas"10724:hermesauto (28 August 2015).10021:. Singapore. 9 October 1965.9332:"The real Japanese surrender"8638:Ng, Jenny (7 February 1997).8203:Annual Review of Anthropology7792:. NUS Press. pp.21–22.7271:
6323:
6194:government has tolerated the6160:simplified Chinese characters5936:Thailand's Theravada Buddhism5258:Housing and Development Board5191:
4948:Development Bank of Singapore4656:(ERP), the system introduced4318:Average rainfall mm (inches)3818:. The government has created3701:, including the main island,3685:Land reclamation in Singapore3013:diplomatic contact with China2435:Tanjong Pagar railway station2059:planned to liberate Singapore1832:1825 survey map. Singapore's1675:was founded on the island by1344:means 'city' or 'fortress').1115:lowest infant mortality rates27198:United States Virgin Islands23249:Republic of Singapore (1965–23128:Wikimedia Atlas of Singapore22808:Resources in other libraries22784:Resources in other libraries22162:. BBC News. 16 November 201022011:Oi, Mariko (23 April 2013).20139:. New York. 6 December 2016.20047:. BBC News. 7 December 2016.19115:. Moe.gov.sg. Archived from18793:"Global Religious Diversity"18722:. Hdb.gov.sg. Archived from17984:"52 Places to Visit in 2015"16737:"Public transport ridership"16146:Bond, Sam (2 October 2006).15778:. London. 28 February 2015.15426:. London. 17 February 2010.14155:. BBC News. 21 August 2022.13334:. BBC News. 18 August 2006.12987:Lee, Yen Nee (8 June 2018).12499:. Commonwealth Secretariat.11832:"The Singapore Legal System"11432:Journal of Contemporary Asia10699:"Country profile: Singapore"10430:. Singapore. 25 March 2015.10301:. National Libraries Board.9687:"MCA: Wipe out extremists".9625:"The Singapore Legal System"9593:"Headliners; Retiring, Semi"9569:. U.S. Library of Congress.9415:. U.S. Library of Congress.8400:. U.S. Library of Congress.7757:Brown, C.C. (October 1952).7276:
6938:oversees the development of6847:2021 BWF World Championships6622:Singapore Symphony Orchestra6339:National University Hospital6209:
6156:Singapore Chinese characters5949:
4932:Singapore Telecommunications4892:twenty-foot equivalent units4874:, managed by port operators4604:
3812:Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve3672:
3579:since 1967. MAS manages its3567:(SGD or S$ ), issued by the3531:highest GDP (PPP) per capita3341:use against drug trafficking3219:Mountain Home Air Force Base2988:, have been resolved by the2942:Indian Ocean Rim Association2854:Corruption Perceptions Index2455:worst ever electoral results2151:Chinese middle schools riots1781:, who was controlled by the1741:Founding of modern Singapore1035:highest GDP per capita (PPP)958:established Singapore as an909:to the south along with the7:
28753:1965 establishments in Asia26391:British Antarctic Territory26300:Ashmore and Cartier Islands25517:ASEAN–India Free Trade Area25512:ASEAN–China Free Trade Area24957:International organisations24488:Countries and territory in23672:Water supply and sanitation23137:Geographic data related to22827:Singapore: A Modern History22450:. Singapore. Archived from22160:"Singapore country profile"21541:
20649:Contemporary Southeast Asia20455:. London. 21 November 2012.20399:"Singapore: Health Profile"19733:"Primary School Curriculum"17750:"The world's best airlines"17294:"The World's Best Airports"16378:National Environment Agency16352:National Environment Agency15586:. Government of Singapore.15396:. London. 16 October 2009.15133:(in French). Archived from14986:"Official Foreign Reserves"14605:. London. 15 October 2014.14512:. Singapore. 5 March 2010.14482:. Singapore. Archived from14297:Yuen-C, Tham (2 May 2019).13875:"Katrina Relief Operations"13703:. Singapore. Archived from13361:. About.com. Archived from11883:Kuntz, Tom (26 June 1994).11373:. Parliament of Singapore.11113:Morgan, Grace, ed. (2016).11054:Morgan, Grace, ed. (2016).10917:Morgan, Grace, ed. (2016).10892:"PMO | the Government"10562:Parliamentary Elections Act10454:"History of Changi Airport"10238:. Headlines, Lifelines, by9968:. Singapore. 6 April 1965.7464:International Monetary Fund7391:"Environment – Latest Data"7066:
7025:Singapore Internet Exchange7023:(332 participants) and the6999:is provided by state-owned6991:Media Development Authority6736:National Environment Agency6372:Economist Intelligence Unit5909:Chinese Traditional Beliefs5771:Religion in Singapore, 20205748:
4848:Hamad International Airport4746:(connecting Singapore with4709:Thomson–East Coast MRT line4178:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)4038:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)3859:tropical rainforest climate3843:Climate change in Singapore3654:Economist Intelligence Unit3404:Institute of Policy Studies3280:. Singapore is part of the3252:in Indonesia following the3057:
2839:Economist Intelligence Unit2583:Attorney General's Chambers2431:dispute over land ownership2411:1997 Asian financial crisis2302:Even after the merger, the2143:1954 National Service riots1965:and Labrador, as well as a1703:was attacked by either the1632:of 4 August 1998 said that1616:
1569:declared independence from1481:
1472:
1318:
1119:lowest levels of corruption10:
28779:
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7029:Internet exchange points7003:, partially state-owned6913:
6865:Singapore Premier League6628:and the community-based6381:, a compulsory national6353:. Singapore has had the6299:Johor–Singapore Causeway6129:Singaporeans are mostly5847:Taoism and folk religion5303:towns and planning areas4771:Land Transport Authority4764:Sultan Iskandar Building4744:Johor–Singapore Causeway4595:Singapore Land Authority3715:Johor–Singapore Causeway3597:largest foreign reserves3347:, regarded by some as a3312:LGBT rights in Singapore2776:originally intended for2703:Meet-the-People Sessions2687:non-constituency members2376:Singapore Changi Airport2326:the Malaysian Parliament2279:on a mezzanine floor of2257:referendum on the merger1864:along with a handful of1592:, Singapore was renamed1244:World Trade Organization28708:Maritime Southeast Asia28311:Cocos (Keeling) Islands27471:Cocos (Keeling) Islands26317:Cocos (Keeling) Islands25957:Commonwealth of Nations25542:Centre for Biodiversity24964:Commonwealth of Nations24331:Cocos (Keeling) Islands23516:Singapore Standard (SS)22974:Governance in Singapore22946:Singh, Bilveer (2017).20137:The Wall Street Journal20061:. CNN. 6 December 2016.19908:. Ministry of Education19886:. Ministry of Education19864:. QS. 11 September 201519220:"Literacy and Language"17924:Singapore Tourism Board16525:"Singapore Water Story"15506:"NEU PC Plus Programme"11754:10.1057/9780230615496_511371:"Members of Parliament"10197:expelled from Malaysia.9906:Mackie, J.A.C. (1974).9151:. World History Group.8910:"1915 Singapore Mutiny"8372:Borschberg, P. (2010).6873:ASEAN Basketball League6720:Singapore Food Festival6656:theme songs, including6522:
6383:medical savings account6330:Healthcare in Singapore6229:autonomous universities6038:Other Sinitic languages5111:Singapore Tourism Board4916:Global Innovation Index4654:Electronic Road Pricing4615:
4591:Government of Singapore4585:Virtual Singapore is a3667:Human Development Index3628:Financial Secrecy Index3479:Skyline of Singapore's3227:Andersen Air Force Base2681:, nine are nonpartisan2487:Government of Singapore2481:Government and politics2453:. The PAP suffered its2378:was opened in 1981 and2285:Indonesian Marine Corps1479:Variations of the name1393:written in 1365, and a1256:Commonwealth of Nations1184:. While the country is1043:sovereign credit rating1008:Ideological differences875:maritime Southeast Asia814:Singapore Standard Time705:$ 525.228 billion (653:$ 794.179 billion (28713:Member states of ASEAN27085:British Virgin Islands26945:English-speaking world26916:
26902:English-speaking world26402:British Virgin Islands25106:Diplomatic missions of25090:United Nations Charter24989:Asian Development Bank24389:Special administrative24365:(Sovereign Base Areas)23612:Long hair in Singapore22933:Mun, Chia Wai (2008).21931:National Library Board21603:National Library Board19260:. 2015. Archived from18850:Khun Eng Kuah (2009).18476:"World Bank Open Data"18117:"Jewel Changi Airport"17128:"About Changi Airport"16832:The Transit Metropolis16066:"Climate of Singapore"16014:"National Initiatives"15716:"All set for transfer"15100:Business Review Weekly14882:Low Siang Kok (2002).13415:Jewish Virtual Library12420:National Library Board11679:. Bonn: Deutsche Welle10577:Ho Khai Leong (2003).10242:. 1998. Archived from10236:"Road to Independence"10054:. 1998. Archived from10048:"Road to Independence"9665:Bloodworth, D (1986).8914:National Library Board8264:(1). Academia: 21–39.8252:Lavy, Paul A. (2003).8194:Enfield, N.J. (2005),7825:Abshire, Jean (2011).7027:(70 participants) are6947:
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26843:Sirimavo Bandaranaike26375:Akrotiri and Dhekelia26283:Dependent territories26160:Saint Kitts and Nevis25507:ASEAN Free Trade Area25492:Chiang Mai Initiative25464:Football Championship24363:Akrotiri and Dhekelia23501:Proposed developments23100:UCB Libraries GovPubs23014:"Singapore Infopedia"22886:King, Rodney (2008).22842:Ghesquière, Henri C.22711:Toland, John (1970).22692:Smith, Colin (2006).22234:"ViewQwest 2Gbps FAQ"21927:"Singapore Turf Club"21410:on 23 September 2019.21321:. CNN. Archived from21146:Ministry of Education20449:"The lottery of life"20252:Voice of America News19954:"The long, long ride"19762:"Secondary Education"18014:eresources.nlb.gov.sg18010:"Merlion | Infopedia"17738:on 22 September 2015.16374:"Historical Extremes"15802:"MND Land Use Report"13162:Jane's Defence Review13158:"Buying an advantage"13017:. CNN. 11 June 2018.12416:"APEC is established"12257:Lee Kuan Yew (2012).12183:10.1353/jod.2016.000410873:Yahoo! News Singapore10533:"Singapore elections"9737:"Appeal To Singapore"9149:"Battle of Singapore"9008:Hobbs, David (2017).8942:Stille, Mark (2016).8812:eresources.nlb.gov.sg6997:Internet in Singapore6933:
6835:2008 Beijing Olympics6759:
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2057:. British forces had2015:
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CNBC. 13 May 2015.18752:on 14 September 201418480:World Bank Open Data18224:on 14 December 2018.18092:"Gardens by the Bay"17667:. 18 September 2019.17437:on 10 December 2022.17410:20 July 2012 at the17199:"Singapore Airlines"16272:28 July 2020 at the15693:Kenneth Roberts-Wray14810:on 21 February 2016.14449:Baten, Jörg (2016).14426:. 10 November 2019.14396:. 15 February 2020.13457:on 28 September 201112817:. 22 February 2018.12559:on 17 September 201812171:Journal of Democracy11921:on 30 December 2004.11617:Journal of Democracy10979:. 23 December 2022.10767:on 13 September 201510507:The World Bank Blogs10210:"Episode 0: Trailer"10003:on 15 December 2011.8680:on 27 September 20078324:on 23 September 20158064:. 20 September 2006.8035:. 8 September 2017.7644:(15 November 2013).7429:on 25 September 20247141:Outline of Singapore6896:Singapore Grand Prix6808:Southeast Asia Games6746:Sport and recreation6725:Prior to the 1980s,6563:Singapore Art Museum6497:Vanda 'Miss Joaquim'6396:Culture of Singapore6168:is largely based on6140:varieties of Chinese5241:total fertility rate5104:The Victoria Theatre5092:, Singapore's first5066:Jewel Changi Airport5015:Tourism in Singapore4952:United Overseas Bank4910:centre, 6th-largest4787:Jewel Changi Airport4760:Woodlands Checkpoint4689:North–South MRT line4560:"four national taps"3968:Record high °C (°F)3471:Economy of Singapore3339:. Particularly, its2986:Pedra Branca dispute2964:(PECC) Secretariat.2834:Freedom in the World2813:freedom of the press2641:shareholders' equity2606:discretionary powers2524:Singapore Parliament2421:, the eldest son of2365:(ASEAN). Race riots2241:Federation of Malaya2189:served as the first2175:30 May 1959 election1939:Singapore Naval Base1805:, who was living in1735:British colonisation1713:Sultanate of Malacca1673:Kingdom of Singapura1650:History of Singapore1503:Kingdom of Singapura1487:Kingdom of Singapura1252:Non-Aligned Movement1033:, it has one of the962:trading post of the593:•2024 estimate89:Ciṅkappūr Kuṭiyaracu83:சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசு28641:Status of Jerusalem28417:Episkopi Cantonment28170:Bandar Seri Begawan27705:Youth Olympic Games27180:Trinidad and Tobago27057:Antigua and Barbuda26225:Trinidad and Tobago25975:Antigua and Barbuda25630:Subdivisions by GDP25487:Asian Monetary Unit25459:Football Federation25417:Asia–Europe Meeting24753:Trinidad and Tobago24266:States with limited23936: / 23637:Population planning23622:National Day Parade23458:Economic statistics22745:The Japanese Thrust22696:. London: Penguin.22546:on 29 November 201522300:on 27 February 201822058:on 15 December 201021992:on 18 November 200721761:on 22 November 200821495:Kong, Lily (2007).21355:The Daily Telegraph21325:on 19 November 201221231:. 17 February 2019.21060:on 21 December 201720720:on 20 February 201020618:. routledge: 1–23.20561:on 10 February 200120325:on 29 November 201520277:on 10 December 201220254:. 15 November 2016.19711:"Primary Education"19688:on 24 February 201119391:Fagao Zhou (1986).19267:on 15 December 201719232:on 13 November 200918726:on 11 December 201118700:on 15 February 202018674:on 29 November 201518287:on 16 November 202318269:on 26 October 2005.17689:on 16 October 2015.17641:on 2 September 202117575:10.34667/tind.4659617533:10.34667/tind.4659617449:"Facts and Figures"17160:on 31 December 200617134:on 21 November 201416945:on 15 December 201416919:on 20 February 201116769:"Tracing our steps"16686:Global Water Awards16564:2010IJWRD..26...65L16469:Water Action Decade16046:on 15 November 201715900:10.1038/nature0179515892:2003Natur.424..420B15808:on 4 February 2013.15378:on 26 October 2014.15137:on 14 November 201614891:The Future of Money14014:on 14 November 200713768:on 6 September 200813676:on 14 November 201213168:on 23 January 2010.12964:. 7 February 2018.12877:on 25 February 201812791:on 8 September 200912589:on 17 February 202212471:"NAM Member States"12303:"Rule of Law Index"12279:. 25 January 2022.12235:on 14 February 201112113:on 27 November 202011657:Gordon Paul Means,10581:. Eastern Univ Pr.10357:Bangkok Declaration10246:on 13 October 2013.10058:on 13 October 2013.9997:Singapore Infopedia9691:. 18 February 1959.9601:. 2 December 1990.9494:Low, James (2004).9078:Tan, Kevin (2008).8981:Tan, Kevin (2008).8796:. pp.220–221.8771:on 23 February 20118644:Ministry of Defence7917:1991neb..book.....G7019:as of spring 2015.6881:Singapore Turf Club6812:2024 Paris Olympics6800:100-metre butterfly6670:Singaporean cuisine6417:(along with either6351:World Health Report6305:, China and India.6292:secondary education6261:Millennia Institute6166:Singaporean English6138:ancestral Southern5761:Pew Research Center5252:households live in5211:permanent residents5033:Singaporean economy4785:The Rain Vortex at4697:North East MRT line4624:Trains in Singapore4599:disaster management4388:Average rainy days4248:Record low °C (°F)4108:Daily mean °C (°F)3831:World Heritage Site3647:Falcon Private Bank3624:Tax Justice Network3268:efforts as part of3207:Luke Air Force Base3037:North Korean leader2934:Asia–Europe Meeting2825:Press Freedom Index2786:corporal punishment2746:McMaster University2737:illiberal democracy2699:political surgeries2417:outbreak. In 2004,2367:broke out once more2071:Colony of Singapore2055:Sook Ching massacre2038:Battle of Singapore2002:Japanese occupation1854:Straits Settlements1823:Treaty of Singapore1799:Temenggong of Johor1775:Tengku Abdul Rahman1590:Japanese occupation1467:meaning 'land' and1208:political dominance1099:home-ownership rate968:Straits Settlements244: / 26917:
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6920:Media of Singapore6908:Mixed Martial Arts6869:Singapore Slingers6824:Men's Formula Kite6769:
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2528:
2522:(right) where the2508:
2439:integrated resorts2380:Singapore Airlines2351:
2261:Malaysia Agreement2233:Tunku Abdul Rahman2217:
2147:Hock Lee bus riots2131:Chinese communists2129:During the 1950s,2108:Tomoyuki Yamashita2085:Japanese surrender2081:
2036:culminated in the2034:invasion of Malaya2026:
2018:Japanese surrender1987:British Home Fleet1977:touted it as the "1943:Singapore strategy1897:
1846:
1767:
1555:Portuguese sources1296:[siŋapura]1268:Names of Singapore1262:Name and etymology1131:official languages891:degree of latitude889:. It is about one887:one outlying islet690:2024estimate638:2024estimate536:Malaysia Agreement498:Independence324:Ethnicgroups280:Official languages177:"Onward Singapore"152:"Onward Singapore"68:Xīnjiāpō Gònghéguó47:Republik Singapura28758:Countries in Asia28655:
28654:
28621:
28620:
28055:Camp Thunder Cove27818:
27817:
27812:
27811:
27671:
27670:
27667:
27666:
27663:
27662:
27645:
27644:
27641:
27640:
27288:
27287:
26868:
26867:
26862:
26861:
26851:
26850:
26818:Houari Boumediene26479:
26478:
26465:
26464:
26322:Coral Sea Islands26260:Associated states25919:
25918:
25680:
25679:
25588:
25587:
25471:Armies Rifle Meet25425:
25424:
25350:
25349:
25239:
25238:
25190:Secretary General25180:Founding document25118:
25117:
24802:
24654:
24653:
24648:
24647:
24599:Malay Archipelago24597:Countries of the24564:
24563:
24455:
24454:
24382:
24381:
23940:1.367°N 103.800°E23919:
23906:Geographic locale23877:
23876:
23830:
23829:
23725:Singapore English23539:
23538:
23440:
23439:
23427:Political parties23373:Foreign relations23333:
23332:
23114:Singapore profile23072:Singapore Infomap23033:978-981-04-6158-422983:978-0-7007-1474-222964:978-9971-69-377-022926:978-0-415-24653-822904:Leifer, Michael.22897:978-0-9775567-0-022890:. Insight Press.22871:978-0-415-12025-822825:Barr, Michael D.22822:(ABC-CLIO, 2011).22760:Library resources22726:978-0-394-44311-922703:978-0-14-101036-622694:Singapore Burning22662:978-9971-69-700-622616:978-981-4435-47-522448:The Straits Times22417:The Straits Times22208:"Media: Overview"21984:(Press release).21954:(Press release).21892:The Straits Times21833:The Straits Times21786:The Straits Times21703:The Straits Times21626:(Press release).21506:978-981-248-149-821426:The Straits Times21317:Ling, Catherine.21281:978-962-201-914-021213:978-0-415-96075-521085:The Straits Times21010:The Straits Times20922:The Straits Times20900:"National Flower"20880:on 12 August 201120784:978-981-4448-45-120745:YaleGlobal Online20688:Yale GlobalOnline20430:on 27 August 201920349:The Straits Times20206:on 8 August 2017.20174:Asia Times Online20119:The Straits Times20031:The Straits Times19958:New Straits Times19840:The Straits Times19404:978-962-201-317-919299:978-1-85359-793-019185:978-3-11-018418-119151:978-9971-69-016-819093:on 6 January 201519087:"Public Agencies"19074:{{{rep}}} Reprint18863:978-981-230-865-818588:on 5 January 201218366:978-981-08-6819-218196:The Straits Times17894:The Straits Times17845:978-981-4689-33-517815:on 20 August 201717732:The Straits Times17476:The Straits Times17318:on 3 January 202217256:on 10 August 202117040:The Straits Times16892:on 17 August 201816841:978-1-55963-591-216813:978-0-415-28515-516499:The Straits Times16439:The Straits Times16322:The Straits Times16292:The Straits Times16240:The Straits Times16020:on 5 October 200715976:on 24 March 2014.15886:(6947): 420–426.15850:The Straits Times15720:The Straits Times15652:978-981-210-364-215193:The Straits Times15169:on 1 October 201615022:on 9 October 201314962:. 13 April 2015.14900:978-92-64-19672-814857:The Straits Times14672:on 22 March 2016.14540:The Straits Times14510:The Straits Times14460:978-1-107-50718-014334:The Straits Times14303:The Straits Times14272:The Straits Times14184:The Straits Times14101:The Straits Times14070:The Straits Times14039:The Straits Times14006:(Press release).13849:The Straits Times13792:The Straits Times13732:The Straits Times13701:The Straits Times13513:on 11 August 201813357:Rosenberg, Matt.12962:The Straits Times12901:The Straits Times12815:The Straits Times12455:978-981-4713-03-012396:on 9 January 200811798:Victorian Studies11763:978-0-230-61549-611551:on 7 January 201211496:978-988-8053-66-711169:978-981-13-1555-810792:The Straits Times10730:The Straits Times10628:978-981-05-5667-910587:978-981-210-218-810428:The Straits Times10407:154: 7–8 (1999).10390:978-981-3035-42-310329:The Straits Times10264:The Straits Times10093:The Straits Times10019:The Straits Times9966:The Straits Times9936:The Straits Times9917:978-0-19-638247-09900:978-0-87471-074-89833:The Straits Times9801:The Straits Times9771:The Straits Times9741:The Straits Times9707:The Straits Times9318:, pp.18–20.9251:The Straits Times9208:The Straits Times9189:The Straits Times9091:978-981-230-878-89060:978-1-4039-3772-89021:978-1-61251-917-38994:978-981-230-878-88955:978-1-4728-1124-08883:978-90-04-21145-28582:978-1-134-50243-18543:978-9971-69-195-08467:978-0-85958-836-28383:978-9971-69-464-77938:cite encyclopedia7926:978-0-85229-529-87881:978-0-203-40440-97838:978-0-313-37743-37799:978-9971-69-430-27769:(2&3): 1–276.7521:. 13 March 2024.7337:The city, once a6877:Kranji Racecourse6792:2016 Rio Olympics6692:Peranakan cuisine6571:ArtScience Museum6466:migrant labourers6419:Christian culture6294:level and above.6111:Majulah Singapura6076:
6075:
5888:
5887:
5745:
5744:
5256:developed by the5170:Race in Singapore4980:Port of Singapore4876:PSA International4872:Port of Singapore4866:Port of Singapore4729:Sengkang LRT line4705:Downtown MRT line4666:left-hand traffic4632:Taxi in Singapore4581:Virtual Singapore4575:Virtual Singapore4543:
4542:
4437:relative humidity3893:rising sea levels3633:The Straits Times3519:AAA credit rating3508:Four Asian Tigers3378:same-sex marriage3361:presumed innocent3274:Hurricane Katrina3187:Western Australia3052:Chinese Civil War3029:a historic summit2994:Strait of Malacca2884:Foreign relations2809:freedom of speech2774:Indian Penal Code2722:civil nationalism2683:nominated members2679:31 constituencies2451:COVID-19 pandemic2396:elected president2384:Port of Singapore2372:wafer fabrication2193:(Head of State).2139:Malayan Emergency2104:Hisaichi Terauchi2093:Louis Mountbatten1996:Japanese invasion1975:Winston Churchill1717:Fort Canning Hill1655:Ancient Singapore1316:
1230:Secretariat, the1163:national policies1149:. English is the1105:enjoy one of the1059:maritime shipping1031:developed country1024:Four Asian Tigers1012:sovereign country984:Japan's surrender976:occupied by Japan905:to the west, the903:Strait of Malacca861:, officially the856:
855:
751:medium inequality715:•Per capita663:•Per capita542:16 September 1963312:National language248:1.283°N 103.833°E200:
164:Majulah Singapura140:Majulah Singapura95:
94:
91:
70:
28770:
28698:Island countries28673:Capitals in Asia28209:Christmas Island28203:Flying Fish Cove27879:
27878:
27845:
27838:
27831:
27822:
27821:
27698:
27691:
27684:
27675:
27674:
27606:Papua New Guinea27574:Marshall Islands27464:Christmas Island27299:
27298:
27295:
27279:Pitcairn Islands27109:Falkland Islands27005:
27004:
27001:
26996:
26995:
26935:
26934:
26924:
26923:
26913:
26895:
26888:
26881:
26872:
26871:
26777:Jawaharlal Nehru26627:NAM News Network26581:
26580:
26506:
26499:
26492:
26483:
26482:
26442:Pitcairn Islands26412:Falkland Islands26312:Christmas Island26288:
26287:
26150:Papua New Guinea25965:Sovereign states25946:
25939:
25932:
25923:
25922:
25714:East Asia Summit25707:
25700:
25693:
25684:
25683:
25645:Science Olympiad25640:Countries by HDI25625:Countries by GDP25535:
25534:
25444:University Games25407:ASEAN Plus Three25381:East Asia Summit25359:
25358:
25335:Papua New Guinea25250:
25249:
25163:
25162:
25145:
25138:
25131:
25122:
25121:
24796:
24706:
24705:
24694:
24687:
24680:
24671:
24670:
24658:
24657:
24640:Papua New Guinea24591:
24584:
24577:
24568:
24567:
24498:Sovereign states24482:
24475:
24468:
24459:
24458:
24443:
24431:
24430:
24391:regions of China24326:Christmas Island24316:
24315:
24258:
23998:Sovereign states23979:
23972:
23965:
23956:
23955:
23951:
23950:
23948:
23947:
23946:
23941:
23937:
23934:
23933:
23932:
23929:
23917:
23905:
23902:
23894:
23893:
23881:
23880:
23857:
23850:
23843:
23557:Communitarianism23550:
23549:
23486:
23451:
23450:
23344:
23343:
23268:
23267:
23252:
23177:
23170:
23163:
23154:
23153:
23136:
23135:
23126:
23125:
23087:
23085:
23083:
23078:on 21 April 200923074:. Archived from23063:
23061:
23059:
23044:
23042:
23036:. Archived from23025:
22987:
22968:
22930:
22901:
22875:
22749:
22738:
22718:
22707:
22688:
22682:
22674:
22645:
22628:
22575:
22556:
22555:
22553:
22551:
22536:
22530:
22529:
22527:
22525:
22506:
22500:
22499:
22497:
22495:
22490:on 5 August 201822480:
22474:
22473:
22462:
22456:
22455:
22439:
22433:
22432:
22430:
22428:
22408:
22402:
22401:
22399:
22397:
22386:
22380:
22379:
22374:
22372:
22357:
22351:
22350:
22338:
22332:
22331:
22319:
22310:
22309:
22307:
22305:
22296:. Archived from22286:
22280:
22279:
22277:
22275:
22266:. Archived from22256:
22250:
22249:
22247:
22245:
22236:. Archived from22230:
22224:
22223:
22221:
22219:
22204:
22198:
22197:
22195:
22193:
22178:
22172:
22171:
22169:
22167:
22156:
22145:
22144:
22142:
22140:
22125:
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22114:
22099:
22093:
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22090:
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22074:
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22065:
22063:
22048:
22039:
22038:
22027:
22021:
22020:
22008:
22002:
22001:
21999:
21997:
21978:
21972:
21971:
21969:
21967:
21948:
21942:
21941:
21939:
21937:
21923:
21917:
21916:
21901:
21895:
21886:
21880:
21879:
21873:
21865:
21863:
21861:
21850:
21844:
21843:
21841:
21839:
21825:
21819:
21818:
21803:
21797:
21796:
21794:
21792:
21777:
21771:
21770:
21768:
21766:
21757:. Archived from21755:Channel NewsAsia21746:
21740:
21739:
21737:
21735:
21720:
21714:
21713:
21711:
21709:
21694:
21688:
21687:
21685:
21683:
21672:
21666:
21665:
21663:
21661:
21650:
21644:
21643:
21641:
21639:
21634:on 11 March 200921620:
21614:
21613:
21611:
21609:
21599:"Tan Howe Liang"21595:
21589:
21588:
21586:
21584:
21575:. Archived from21565:
21559:
21558:
21556:
21554:
21549:. 13 August 201621539:
21530:
21529:
21517:
21511:
21510:
21492:
21483:
21482:
21480:
21478:
21469:. Archived from21458:
21452:
21451:
21449:
21447:
21436:
21430:
21429:
21418:
21412:
21411:
21396:
21390:
21389:
21377:
21371:
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21368:
21366:
21352:
21344:
21335:
21334:
21332:
21330:
21314:
21308:
21307:
21299:
21293:
21292:
21290:
21288:
21265:
21259:
21258:
21256:
21254:
21239:
21233:
21232:
21229:The Sunday Times21224:
21218:
21217:
21199:
21193:
21192:
21190:
21188:
21168:
21162:
21161:
21159:
21157:
21138:
21132:
21131:
21129:
21127:
21122:on 28 March 201821121:
21115:. Archived from21110:
21102:
21096:
21095:
21093:
21091:
21076:
21070:
21069:
21067:
21065:
21049:
21043:
21042:
21040:
21038:
21027:
21021:
21020:
21018:
21016:
21001:
20995:
20994:
20992:
20990:
20976:
20970:
20969:
20967:
20965:
20959:
20953:. Archived from20948:
20940:
20934:
20933:
20931:
20929:
20914:
20908:
20907:
20896:
20890:
20889:
20887:
20885:
20870:
20864:
20863:
20861:
20859:
20844:
20838:
20837:
20835:
20833:
20821:
20815:
20814:
20804:
20796:
20770:
20761:
20760:
20758:
20756:
20751:on 7 August 202020739:Prystay, Chris.20736:
20730:
20729:
20727:
20725:
20710:
20704:
20703:
20701:
20699:
20694:on 7 August 202020682:Prystay, Chris.20679:
20673:
20672:
20644:
20638:
20637:
20627:
20603:
20597:
20596:
20594:
20592:
20577:
20571:
20570:
20568:
20566:
20551:
20542:
20541:
20539:
20537:
20522:
20516:
20515:
20513:
20511:
20505:
20497:
20491:
20490:
20462:
20456:
20446:
20440:
20439:
20437:
20435:
20420:
20414:
20413:
20411:
20409:
20403:
20395:
20389:
20388:
20377:
20371:
20370:
20369:. 18 April 2019.20359:
20353:
20352:
20341:
20335:
20334:
20332:
20330:
20315:
20309:
20308:
20306:
20304:
20293:
20287:
20286:
20284:
20282:
20273:. Archived from20262:
20256:
20255:
20244:
20238:
20237:
20235:
20233:
20222:Business Insider20214:
20208:
20207:
20192:
20186:
20185:
20183:
20181:
20165:
20159:
20158:
20147:
20141:
20140:
20129:
20123:
20122:
20111:
20105:
20104:
20093:
20087:
20086:
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20055:
20049:
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20041:
20035:
20034:
20023:
20017:
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20009:
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20000:
19998:
19983:
19977:
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19969:
19950:
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19918:
19917:
19915:
19913:
19902:
19896:
19895:
19893:
19891:
19880:
19874:
19873:
19871:
19869:
19858:
19852:
19851:
19849:
19847:
19832:
19826:
19825:
19823:
19821:
19806:
19800:
19799:
19797:
19795:
19780:
19774:
19773:
19771:
19769:
19758:
19749:
19748:
19746:
19744:
19729:
19723:
19722:
19720:
19718:
19707:
19698:
19697:
19695:
19693:
19678:
19672:
19671:
19669:
19667:
19652:
19646:
19645:
19643:
19641:
19626:
19620:
19619:
19617:
19615:
19600:
19594:
19593:
19591:
19589:
19574:
19568:
19567:
19565:
19563:
19548:
19542:
19541:
19539:
19537:
19526:
19520:
19519:
19517:
19515:
19500:
19491:
19490:
19488:
19486:
19481:on 29 April 200719466:
19460:
19459:
19457:
19455:
19440:
19434:
19433:
19432:on 3 March 2012.19428:. Archived from19422:
19416:
19415:
19413:
19411:
19388:
19382:
19381:
19379:
19377:
19372:on 26 March 201219367:
19359:
19353:
19352:
19350:
19348:
19336:
19330:
19329:
19327:
19325:
19310:
19304:
19303:
19283:
19277:
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19266:
19259:
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19242:
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19210:
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19135:
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19109:
19103:
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19100:
19098:
19083:
19077:
19067:
19061:
19060:
19058:
19056:
19041:
19035:
19034:
19023:
19017:
19016:
19014:
19012:
18993:
18987:
18984:
18978:
18977:
18975:
18973:
18958:
18952:
18945:
18936:
18935:
18933:
18931:
18925:
18908:
18902:
18895:
18886:
18885:
18881:
18875:
18874:
18872:
18870:
18847:
18841:
18840:
18838:
18836:
18830:
18823:
18815:
18809:
18808:
18806:
18804:
18789:
18783:
18782:
18780:
18778:
18768:
18762:
18761:
18759:
18757:
18742:
18736:
18735:
18733:
18731:
18716:
18710:
18709:
18707:
18705:
18696:. Archived from18690:
18684:
18683:
18681:
18679:
18664:
18658:
18657:
18655:
18653:
18643:
18637:
18630:
18624:
18623:
18621:
18619:
18604:
18598:
18597:
18595:
18593:
18577:
18571:
18570:
18568:
18566:
18551:
18545:
18544:
18542:
18540:
18526:
18520:
18519:
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18515:
18501:
18495:
18494:
18488:
18486:
18472:
18466:
18465:
18463:
18461:
18447:
18441:
18440:
18438:
18436:
18420:
18414:
18404:
18398:
18392:
18386:
18385:
18383:
18381:
18376:on 27 March 201218375:
18369:. Archived from18358:
18350:
18341:
18340:
18338:
18336:
18322:
18316:
18315:
18303:
18297:
18296:
18294:
18292:
18277:
18271:
18270:
18254:
18248:
18247:
18245:
18243:
18232:
18226:
18225:
18214:
18208:
18207:
18205:
18203:
18188:
18182:
18181:
18179:
18177:
18163:
18157:
18156:
18154:
18152:
18141:
18132:
18131:
18129:
18127:
18113:
18107:
18106:
18104:
18102:
18088:
18082:
18081:
18079:
18077:
18063:
18057:
18056:
18054:
18052:
18038:
18025:
18024:
18022:
18020:
18006:
18000:
17999:
17997:
17995:
17990:. 1 January 201517980:
17974:
17973:
17971:
17969:
17963:
17957:. Archived from17952:
17944:
17935:
17934:
17932:
17930:
17916:
17910:
17909:
17907:
17905:
17886:
17880:
17879:
17877:
17875:
17864:Channel NewsAsia17856:
17850:
17849:
17831:
17825:
17824:
17822:
17820:
17811:. Archived from17801:
17795:
17794:
17793:on 22 July 2012.17782:
17776:
17775:
17764:
17758:
17757:
17746:
17740:
17739:
17724:
17718:
17717:
17715:
17713:
17697:
17691:
17690:
17675:
17669:
17668:
17657:
17651:
17650:
17648:
17646:
17635:INSEAD Knowledge17627:
17621:
17620:
17618:
17616:
17602:
17596:
17595:
17593:
17591:
17560:
17554:
17553:
17551:
17549:
17518:
17512:
17511:
17509:
17507:
17501:
17494:
17486:
17480:
17479:
17471:
17465:
17464:
17462:
17460:
17455:on 18 April 201217445:
17439:
17438:
17436:
17420:
17414:
17401:
17395:
17394:
17378:
17372:
17371:
17369:
17367:
17361:
17353:
17347:
17346:
17334:
17328:
17327:
17325:
17323:
17314:. Archived from17308:
17302:
17301:
17290:
17284:
17283:
17272:
17266:
17265:
17263:
17261:
17252:. Archived from17239:
17233:
17232:
17230:
17228:
17217:
17211:
17210:
17208:
17206:
17195:
17189:
17188:
17176:
17170:
17169:
17167:
17165:
17150:
17144:
17143:
17141:
17139:
17124:
17118:
17117:
17115:
17113:
17104:. Archived from17094:
17088:
17087:
17076:
17070:
17069:
17057:
17051:
17050:
17048:
17046:
17031:
17025:
17024:
17022:
17020:
17009:"Getting A Taxi"17005:
16999:
16998:
16996:
16994:
16983:
16977:
16976:
16974:
16972:
16961:
16955:
16954:
16952:
16950:
16935:
16929:
16928:
16926:
16924:
16908:
16902:
16901:
16899:
16897:
16886:Channel NewsAsia16878:
16872:
16871:
16869:
16867:
16862:on 10 April 200816852:
16846:
16845:
16824:
16818:
16817:
16801:
16791:
16785:
16784:
16782:
16780:
16765:
16759:
16758:
16756:
16754:
16748:
16741:
16733:
16727:
16726:
16724:
16722:
16708:
16702:
16701:
16699:
16697:
16678:
16672:
16671:
16669:
16667:
16648:
16642:
16641:
16639:
16637:
16628:. Archived from16622:
16616:
16615:
16613:
16611:
16602:. 30 July 2012.16590:
16584:
16583:
16547:
16541:
16540:
16538:
16536:
16521:
16515:
16514:
16512:
16510:
16491:
16485:
16484:
16482:
16480:
16461:
16455:
16454:
16452:
16450:
16430:
16424:
16423:
16421:
16419:
16414:on 1 August 202316410:. Archived from16396:
16390:
16389:
16387:
16385:
16370:
16364:
16363:
16361:
16359:
16344:
16338:
16337:
16335:
16333:
16314:
16308:
16307:
16305:
16303:
16284:
16278:
16262:
16256:
16255:
16253:
16251:
16231:
16225:
16224:
16222:
16220:
16201:
16195:
16194:
16192:
16190:
16174:
16168:
16167:
16165:
16163:
16143:
16137:
16136:
16134:
16132:
16123:. Archived from16117:
16111:
16110:
16108:
16106:
16092:
16086:
16085:
16083:
16081:
16062:
16056:
16055:
16053:
16051:
16036:
16030:
16029:
16027:
16025:
16010:
16004:
16003:
16001:
15999:
15984:
15978:
15977:
15975:
15968:
15960:
15954:
15953:
15951:
15949:
15934:
15928:
15927:
15875:
15866:
15865:
15863:
15861:
15842:
15836:
15835:
15833:
15831:
15816:
15810:
15809:
15798:
15792:
15791:
15789:
15787:
15768:
15762:
15761:
15759:
15757:
15742:
15736:
15735:
15733:
15731:
15712:
15706:
15702:
15696:
15689:
15683:
15682:
15680:
15678:
15663:
15657:
15656:
15638:
15632:
15631:
15629:
15627:
15621:
15614:
15606:
15600:
15599:
15597:
15595:
15580:
15574:
15573:
15571:
15569:
15554:
15548:
15547:
15545:
15543:
15528:
15522:
15521:
15519:
15517:
15502:
15496:
15495:
15493:
15491:
15476:
15470:
15469:
15467:
15465:
15446:
15440:
15439:
15437:
15435:
15416:
15410:
15409:
15407:
15405:
15386:
15380:
15379:
15368:
15362:
15361:
15359:
15357:
15338:
15332:
15331:
15329:
15327:
15307:
15301:
15300:
15298:
15296:
15291:on 12 March 201715287:. Archived from15276:
15270:
15269:
15267:
15265:
15246:
15240:
15239:
15237:
15235:
15215:
15209:
15208:
15206:
15204:
15185:
15179:
15178:
15176:
15174:
15168:
15161:
15153:
15147:
15146:
15144:
15142:
15122:
15116:
15115:
15113:
15111:
15106:on 14 April 201315102:. Archived from15091:
15085:
15084:
15082:
15080:
15064:
15058:
15057:
15055:
15053:
15038:
15032:
15031:
15029:
15027:
15012:
15006:
15005:
15003:
15001:
14982:
14976:
14975:
14973:
14971:
14952:
14946:
14945:
14943:
14941:
14926:
14920:
14919:
14917:
14915:
14909:
14888:
14879:
14873:
14872:
14870:
14868:
14849:
14843:
14842:
14840:
14838:
14818:
14812:
14811:
14796:
14790:
14789:
14787:
14785:
14770:
14764:
14763:
14761:
14759:
14744:
14738:
14737:
14735:
14733:
14710:
14704:
14703:
14701:
14699:
14690:. 22 June 2023.14680:
14674:
14673:
14671:
14664:
14656:
14650:
14649:
14647:
14645:
14625:
14619:
14618:
14616:
14614:
14595:
14589:
14588:
14583:
14581:
14562:
14556:
14555:
14553:
14551:
14532:
14526:
14525:
14523:
14521:
14502:
14496:
14495:
14493:
14491:
14471:
14465:
14464:
14446:
14440:
14439:
14437:
14435:
14416:
14410:
14409:
14407:
14405:
14386:
14380:
14379:
14377:
14375:
14356:
14350:
14349:
14347:
14345:
14325:
14319:
14318:
14316:
14314:
14294:
14288:
14287:
14285:
14283:
14264:
14258:
14257:
14255:
14253:
14244:. 25 June 2020.14234:
14228:
14227:
14221:
14217:
14215:
14207:
14205:
14203:
14175:
14169:
14168:
14166:
14164:
14149:
14143:
14142:
14140:
14138:
14123:
14117:
14116:
14114:
14112:
14092:
14086:
14085:
14083:
14081:
14061:
14055:
14054:
14052:
14050:
14030:
14024:
14023:
14021:
14019:
14000:
13994:
13993:
13991:
13989:
13974:
13968:
13967:
13965:
13963:
13954:. 30 June 2022.13944:
13938:
13937:
13935:
13927:
13921:
13920:
13918:
13916:
13897:
13891:
13890:
13888:
13886:
13871:
13865:
13864:
13862:
13860:
13840:
13834:
13833:
13831:
13829:
13814:
13808:
13807:
13805:
13803:
13784:
13778:
13777:
13775:
13773:
13762:Singapore Window13754:
13748:
13747:
13745:
13743:
13723:
13717:
13716:
13714:
13712:
13692:
13686:
13685:
13683:
13681:
13665:
13659:
13658:
13656:
13654:
13639:
13633:
13632:
13630:
13628:
13623:on 13 March 200613613:
13607:
13606:
13604:
13602:
13583:
13577:
13576:
13574:
13572:
13557:
13551:
13550:
13548:
13546:
13529:
13523:
13522:
13520:
13518:
13509:. Archived from13499:
13493:
13492:
13490:
13488:
13473:
13467:
13466:
13464:
13462:
13456:
13445:
13437:
13431:
13430:
13428:
13426:
13407:
13401:
13400:
13398:
13396:
13381:
13375:
13374:
13372:
13370:
13354:
13348:
13347:
13345:
13343:
13328:
13322:
13321:
13319:
13317:
13301:
13295:
13294:
13292:
13290:
13281:. Archived from13270:
13259:
13258:
13256:
13254:
13235:
13229:
13228:
13226:
13224:
13209:
13196:
13195:
13193:
13191:
13176:
13170:
13169:
13153:
13144:
13143:
13141:
13139:
13117:
13111:
13110:
13108:
13106:
13090:
13084:
13083:
13081:
13079:
13063:
13057:
13056:
13054:
13052:
13037:
13031:
13030:
13028:
13026:
13011:
13005:
13004:
13002:
13000:
12984:
12978:
12977:
12975:
12973:
12954:
12948:
12947:
12945:
12943:
12923:
12917:
12916:
12914:
12912:
12893:
12887:
12886:
12884:
12882:
12867:
12861:
12860:
12858:
12856:
12837:
12831:
12830:
12828:
12826:
12807:
12801:
12800:
12798:
12796:
12781:
12775:
12774:
12772:
12770:
12761:. Archived from12754:
12748:
12747:
12745:
12743:
12728:
12722:
12721:
12719:
12717:
12711:
12695:
12689:
12688:
12686:
12684:
12669:
12660:
12659:
12657:
12655:
12639:
12630:
12629:
12627:
12625:
12620:on 2 August 200912610:
12599:
12598:
12596:
12594:
12585:. Archived from12575:
12569:
12568:
12566:
12564:
12549:
12543:
12542:
12540:
12538:
12519:
12513:
12512:
12510:
12508:
12493:
12487:
12486:
12484:
12482:
12467:
12461:
12459:
12442:
12436:
12435:
12433:
12431:
12412:
12406:
12405:
12403:
12401:
12386:
12380:
12379:
12377:
12375:
12370:on 15 March 201812360:
12354:
12353:
12351:
12349:
12334:
12325:
12324:
12322:
12320:
12314:
12307:
12299:
12293:
12292:
12290:
12288:
12277:Transparency.org12269:
12263:
12262:
12254:
12245:
12244:
12242:
12240:
12216:
12210:
12209:
12207:
12205:
12199:
12193:. Archived from12168:
12159:
12153:
12152:
12150:
12148:
12143:on 27 April 201912129:
12123:
12122:
12120:
12118:
12099:
12093:
12092:
12090:
12088:
12078:
12071:
12065:
12064:
12062:
12060:
12045:
12039:
12038:
12036:
12034:
12015:
12009:
12008:
12006:
12004:
11989:
11983:
11982:
11980:
11978:
11959:
11953:
11952:
11950:
11948:
11929:
11923:
11922:
11911:
11905:
11904:
11902:
11900:
11880:
11874:
11873:
11871:
11869:
11854:
11848:
11847:
11845:
11843:
11828:
11822:
11821:
11793:
11787:
11780:
11774:
11773:
11772:
11770:
11737:
11731:
11724:
11715:
11714:
11712:
11710:
11695:
11689:
11688:
11686:
11684:
11668:
11662:
11655:
11646:
11639:
11633:
11626:
11620:
11613:
11607:
11602:Hussin Mutalib,11600:
11594:
11593:
11591:
11567:
11561:
11560:
11558:
11556:
11541:
11532:
11531:
11529:
11527:
11518:. Archived from11507:
11501:
11500:
11482:
11476:
11475:
11473:
11471:
11423:
11417:
11416:
11414:
11412:
11403:. Archived from11393:
11387:
11386:
11384:
11382:
11367:
11361:
11360:
11358:
11356:
11337:
11331:
11330:
11328:
11326:
11311:
11305:
11304:
11302:
11300:
11281:
11275:
11274:
11272:
11270:
11251:
11245:
11244:
11242:
11240:
11221:
11215:
11214:
11212:
11210:
11191:
11182:
11181:
11143:
11137:
11136:
11134:
11132:
11110:
11104:
11103:
11101:
11099:
11084:
11078:
11077:
11075:
11073:
11051:
11045:
11044:
11042:
11040:
11025:
11019:
11018:
11016:
11014:
10999:
10993:
10992:
10990:
10988:
10973:
10967:
10966:
10964:
10962:
10947:
10941:
10940:
10938:
10936:
10914:
10908:
10907:
10905:
10903:
10888:
10877:
10876:
10865:
10859:
10858:
10856:
10854:
10845:. 18 July 2020.10835:
10826:
10825:
10823:
10821:
10806:
10800:
10799:
10783:
10777:
10776:
10774:
10772:
10763:. Archived from10752:
10746:
10745:
10743:
10741:
10721:
10715:
10714:
10712:
10710:
10695:
10689:
10688:
10686:
10684:
10669:
10660:
10659:
10656:Associated Press10651:
10645:
10644:
10642:
10640:
10613:
10607:
10606:
10595:
10589:
10575:
10569:
10559:
10553:
10552:
10550:
10548:
10529:
10523:
10522:
10520:
10518:
10498:
10492:
10491:
10489:
10487:
10468:
10462:
10461:
10460:on 29 June 2006.10450:
10444:
10443:
10441:
10439:
10420:
10411:
10401:
10395:
10394:
10374:
10368:
10367:
10361:
10351:
10345:
10344:
10342:
10340:
10321:
10315:
10314:
10312:
10310:
10291:
10285:
10284:
10282:
10280:
10254:
10248:
10247:
10232:
10226:
10225:
10223:
10221:
10206:
10200:
10199:
10193:
10191:
10176:
10170:
10169:
10167:
10165:
10156:. Archived from10154:europe-solidaire10146:
10140:
10139:
10137:
10135:
10115:
10109:
10108:
10106:
10104:
10084:
10075:
10074:
10066:
10060:
10059:
10044:
10035:
10034:
10032:
10030:
10011:
10005:
10004:
9988:
9982:
9981:
9979:
9977:
9958:
9952:
9951:
9949:
9947:
9928:
9922:
9921:
9904:
9886:
9880:
9879:
9877:
9875:
9860:
9854:
9853:
9851:
9849:
9828:"Hail Malaysia!"9823:
9817:
9816:
9814:
9812:
9793:
9787:
9786:
9784:
9782:
9763:
9757:
9756:
9754:
9752:
9733:
9727:
9726:
9724:
9722:
9699:
9693:
9692:
9684:
9675:
9674:
9672:
9662:
9656:
9655:
9647:
9641:
9640:
9638:
9636:
9621:
9615:
9614:
9612:
9610:
9589:
9583:
9582:
9580:
9578:
9563:
9552:
9551:
9549:
9547:
9491:
9485:
9484:
9482:
9480:
9471:. Archived from9461:
9455:
9454:
9452:
9450:
9435:
9429:
9428:
9426:
9424:
9409:
9400:
9399:
9397:
9395:
9376:
9370:
9364:
9358:
9357:
9355:
9353:
9347:
9339:The Sunday Times9336:
9328:
9319:
9313:
9304:
9303:
9301:
9299:
9273:
9267:
9266:
9264:
9262:
9242:
9236:
9230:
9224:
9223:
9221:
9219:
9200:
9194:
9193:
9183:
9177:
9171:
9165:
9164:
9162:
9160:
9145:
9139:
9133:
9122:
9121:
9119:
9117:
9102:
9096:
9095:
9075:
9069:
9068:
9063:. Archived from9044:
9038:
9037:
9035:
9033:
9005:
8999:
8998:
8978:
8972:
8971:
8969:
8967:
8939:
8930:
8929:
8927:
8925:
8906:
8900:
8899:
8897:
8895:
8874:Brill Publishers8864:
8858:
8857:
8855:
8853:
8834:
8828:
8827:
8825:
8823:
8804:
8798:
8797:
8787:
8781:
8780:
8778:
8776:
8761:
8755:
8754:
8752:
8750:
8741:. Archived from8731:
8725:
8724:
8722:
8720:
8711:. Archived from8701:
8690:
8689:
8687:
8685:
8676:. Archived from8666:
8660:
8659:
8657:
8655:
8635:
8629:
8628:
8626:
8624:
8605:
8599:
8598:
8596:
8594:
8566:
8560:
8559:
8557:
8555:
8527:
8521:
8520:
8518:
8516:
8498:
8492:
8491:
8489:
8487:
8449:
8443:
8442:
8440:
8438:
8420:
8414:
8413:
8411:
8409:
8394:
8388:
8387:
8369:
8363:
8353:
8347:
8340:
8334:
8333:
8331:
8329:
8323:
8316:
8308:
8302:
8301:
8299:
8297:
8249:
8243:
8242:
8241:
8239:
8233:
8226:
8200:
8191:
8185:
8184:
8154:
8148:
8147:
8131:
8121:
8115:
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4912:financial centre4908:foreign exchange4902:Industry sectors4737:Punggol LRT line4636:Singapore has a4391:
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3906:Tengeh Reservoir3857:Singapore has a3761:Land reclamation3743:Christmas Island3739:Bukit Timah Hill3719:Tuas Second Link3565:Singapore dollar3543:, the country's3419:headquarters at3349:victimless crime3193:is based in the3183:RAAF Base Pearce3006:Singapore dollar2992:. Piracy in the2946:East Asia Summit2847:Speakers' Corner2837:report, and the2815:as well as some2772:is based on the2673:). The 14th and2587:Attorney-General2536:Speakers' Corner2520:Parliament House2443:Marina Bay Sands2382:was formed. The2222:Barisan Sosialis2100:Seishirō Itagaki1985:". However, the1811:Penyengat Island1771:Stamford Raffles1759:Sultan of Brunei1755:William Farquhar1621:
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16185:on 28 July 201016175:
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15673:on 9 April 201515665:
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13649:on 25 June 200713641:
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12765:on 28 June 201712755:
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11522:on 7 March 200611508:
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11154:. p.264.11144:
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11035:on 11 June 201111029:"The President"11027:
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10894:. 8 July 2023.10890:
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10673:"Goh Chok Tong"10671:
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9475:on 9 April 20009463:
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9445:on 13 July 20069437:
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7874:. p.132.7862:
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7490:singstat.gov.sg7484:
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7466:. 16 April 20247454:
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6370:. In 2013, the6332:
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18415:
18399:
18387:
18365:
18342:
18317:
18306:Kok, Xinghui.18298:
18272:
18249:
18227:
18209:
18183:
18171:sentosa.gov.sg18158:
18133:
18108:
18083:
18058:
18026:
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17975:
17936:
17920:"STB Overview"17911:
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17809:Export Britain17796:
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17185:Brand Republic17171:
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17071:
17052:
17026:
17015:on 27 May 201617000:
16978:
16965:"Rail Network"16956:
16930:
16903:
16873:
16847:
16840:
16819:
16812:
16786:
16775:on 5 June 201116760:
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16599:Bloomberg News16585:
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16516:
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15746:"Pedra Branca"15737:
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15633:
15615:. UNDP. 2019.15601:
15575:
15564:on 13 May 201615549:
15538:on 29 May 201615523:
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14576:on 7 July 200914557:
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13483:on 6 July 201713468:
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13186:on 16 May 201113171:
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12932:People's Daily12918:
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12757:Reading Room.12749:
12723:
12712:on 10 May 201112690:
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11438:(3): 292–308.11418:
11407:on 27 May 201111388:
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10160:on 29 May 201210141:
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21206:. Routledge.21205:
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20777:. Singapore.20776:
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17563:WIPO (2022).17559:
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16242:. Singapore.16241:
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16152:Edie newsroom16149:
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15776:The Economist15773:
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15351:
15347:
15346:The Economist15343:
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15318:. Singapore.15317:
15313:
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15275:
15260:on 2 May 201815259:
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14336:. Singapore.14335:
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14305:. Singapore.14304:
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14072:. Singapore.14071:
14067:
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14041:. Singapore.14040:
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14013:
14009:
14005:
13999:
13983:
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13851:. Singapore.13850:
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13819:
13813:
13797:
13793:
13789:
13783:
13767:
13763:
13759:
13753:
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13734:. Singapore.13733:
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13390:
13386:
13380:
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13360:
13353:
13337:
13333:
13327:
13311:
13307:
13300:
13285:on 3 May 201713284:
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12902:
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12866:
12850:
12847:. Singapore.12846:
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12112:
12108:
12104:
12098:
12082:
12077:
12070:
12055:on 3 May 201412054:
12050:
12044:
12028:
12024:
12023:Freedom House12020:
12014:
11998:
11994:
11988:
11972:
11968:
11967:The Economist11964:
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11465:
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11441:
11437:
11433:
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11422:
11406:
11402:
11399:
11392:
11376:
11372:
11366:
11351:on 6 May 202111350:
11346:
11345:The Economist11342:
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10913:
10897:
10893:
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10870:
10864:
10848:
10844:
10843:The Economist10840:
10834:
10832:
10815:
10811:
10805:
10797:
10794:. Singapore.10793:
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10762:
10758:
10751:
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10731:
10727:
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